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Review
. 2020 Sep;7(9):e652-e660.
doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30117-X. Epub 2020 Aug 10.

Haemopoietic cell transplantation in patients living with HIV

Richard F Ambinder  1 , Adam A Capoferri  2 , Christine M Durand  3
Affiliations
Review

Haemopoietic cell transplantation in patients living with HIV

Richard F Ambinder et al. Lancet HIV. 2020 Sep.

Abstract

Haemopoietic cell transplantation is established as a standard treatment approach for people living with HIV who have haematological malignancies with poor prognosis. Studies with autologous and allogeneic haemopoietic cell transplantation suggest that HIV status does not adversely affect outcomes, provided that there is adequate infection prophylaxis. Attention to possible drug-drug interactions is important. Allogeneic haemopoietic cell transplantation substantially reduces the long-term HIV reservoir when complete donor chimerism is established. When transplants from CCR5Δ32 homozygous donors are used, HIV cure is possible.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
With alloHCT, host cells (blue) are eliminated by the allogeneic effect of donor lymphocytes (green) which provide graft-versus-tumor effects and graft-versus-reservoir effects. The extent of the graft-versus-reservoir effect depends on the extent of donor cell replacement. (A) In the case of apparent complete chimerism as determined in studies of peripheral blood, the reservoir appears undetectable but very rare persistent host cells harboring latent HIV may lead to rebound as in the Boston patients. (B) In mixed chimeras, the reservoir is little changed. (C) With a CCR5Δ32 homozygous donor, even if rare persistent host cells reactivate, if those cells harbor R5 tropic HIV, the virus cannot infect the new donor cells and cure may be achieved.
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