Product of natural evolution (SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2); deadly diseases, from SARS to SARS-CoV-2

doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1797369

. 2021 Jan 2;17(1):62-83.

doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1797369. Epub 2020 Aug 12.

Product of natural evolution (SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2); deadly diseases, from SARS to SARS-CoV-2

Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian¹, Wenli Sun¹, Qi Cheng^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China.
² College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding, Hebei, China.
³ Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing , Baoding, Hebei, China.

PMID: 32783700
PMCID: PMC7872062
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1797369

Product of natural evolution (SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2); deadly diseases, from SARS to SARS-CoV-2

Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021.

. 2021 Jan 2;17(1):62-83.

doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1797369. Epub 2020 Aug 12.

Authors

Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian¹, Wenli Sun¹, Qi Cheng^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China.
² College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding, Hebei, China.
³ Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing , Baoding, Hebei, China.

PMID: 32783700
PMCID: PMC7872062
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1797369

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the order Nidovirales, family Coronaviridae, and subfamily Coronavirinae. SARS-CoV-2 entry to cellsis initiated by the binding of the viral spike protein (S) to its cellular receptor. The roles of S protein in receptor binding and membrane fusion makes it a prominent target for vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence analysis has shown that this virus belongs to the beta-coronavirus genus, which includes Bat SARS-like coronavirus, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. A vaccine should induce a balanced immune response to elicit protective immunity. In this review, we compare and contrast these three important CoV diseases and how they inform on vaccine development.

Keywords: MERS; SARS; SARS-CoV-2; coronaviruses; emerging diseases; pneumonia.

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**Figure 1.**
Taxonomy of the coronaviridae family

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References

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1. Kumaki Y, Wandersee MK, Smith AJ, Zhou Y, Simmons G, Nelson NM, Bailey KW, Vest ZG, Li J-K-K, Chan PK-S, et al. Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in a lethal SARS-CoV BALB/c mouse model by stinging nettle lectin, Urtica dioica agglutinin. Antiviral Res. 2011;90:22–32. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.02.003. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Huang J, Cao Y, Du J, Bu X, Ma R, Wu C.. Printing with SARS CoV S DNA and boosting with SARS CoV S epitopes specific for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells promote cellular immune responses. Vaccine. 2007;25:6981–91. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.047. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Huang J, Cao Y, Du J, Bu X, Ma R, Wu C.. Printing with SARS CoV S DNA and boosting with SARS CoV S epitopes specific for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells promote cellular immune responses. Vaccine. 2007;25:6981–91. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.047. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Kam YW, Kien F, Roberts A, Cheung YC, Lamirande EW, Vogel L, Chu SL, Tse J, Guarner J, Zaki SR, et al. Antibodies against trimeric S glycoprotein protect hamsters against SARS-CoV challenge despite their capacity to mediate FcγRII-dependent entry into B cells in vitro. Vaccine. 2007;25:729–40. - PMC - PubMed

[4] Kam YW, Kien F, Roberts A, Cheung YC, Lamirande EW, Vogel L, Chu SL, Tse J, Guarner J, Zaki SR, et al. Antibodies against trimeric S glycoprotein protect hamsters against SARS-CoV challenge despite their capacity to mediate FcγRII-dependent entry into B cells in vitro. Vaccine. 2007;25:729–40. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Chu Y-K, Ali GD, Jia F, Li Q, Kelvin D, Couch RC, Harrod KS, Hutt JA, Cameron C, Weiss SR, et al. The SARS-CoV ferret model in an infection-challenge study. Virology. 2008;374:151–63. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Chu Y-K, Ali GD, Jia F, Li Q, Kelvin D, Couch RC, Harrod KS, Hutt JA, Cameron C, Weiss SR, et al. The SARS-CoV ferret model in an infection-challenge study. Virology. 2008;374:151–63. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Masters PS, Perlman S.. Coronaviridae in field,s virology. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM editors. Lippincott. Vol. 1. Philadelphia (USA): Williams & Wilkins; 2013. p. 825–58.

[8] Masters PS, Perlman S.. Coronaviridae in field,s virology. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM editors. Lippincott. Vol. 1. Philadelphia (USA): Williams & Wilkins; 2013. p. 825–58.

[9] Kumaki Y, Wandersee MK, Smith AJ, Zhou Y, Simmons G, Nelson NM, Bailey KW, Vest ZG, Li J-K-K, Chan PK-S, et al. Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in a lethal SARS-CoV BALB/c mouse model by stinging nettle lectin, Urtica dioica agglutinin. Antiviral Res. 2011;90:22–32. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.02.003. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Kumaki Y, Wandersee MK, Smith AJ, Zhou Y, Simmons G, Nelson NM, Bailey KW, Vest ZG, Li J-K-K, Chan PK-S, et al. Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in a lethal SARS-CoV BALB/c mouse model by stinging nettle lectin, Urtica dioica agglutinin. Antiviral Res. 2011;90:22–32. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.02.003. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Product of natural evolution (SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2); deadly diseases, from SARS to SARS-CoV-2

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Product of natural evolution (SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2); deadly diseases, from SARS to SARS-CoV-2

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