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. 2020 Aug;48(8):300060520933808.
doi: 10.1177/0300060520933808.

Relationships between excessive gestational weight gain and energy and macronutrient intake in pregnant women

Cosmin Rugină  1 , Cristina Oana Mărginean  2 , Lorena Elena Meliţ  2 , Dana Valentina Giga  3 , Viviana Modi  1 , Claudiu Mărginean  1
Affiliations

Relationships between excessive gestational weight gain and energy and macronutrient intake in pregnant women

Cosmin Rugină et al. J Int Med Res. 2020 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare energy and macronutrient intake, birth weight, and anthropometric parameters (mid-upper arm circumference or tricipital skin-fold thickness) between women who had adequate and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy.

Methods: We studied 115 pregnant women and divided them according to GWG into two groups: adequate GWG (n = 49) and excessive GWG (n = 66). We assessed the medical history, clinical examinations, and dietary habits through a detailed 7-day dietary recall using myfitnesspal software.

Results: Weight, body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, and tricipital skin-fold thickness were significantly higher at the time of delivery in women with excessive GWG compared with those with adequate GWG. A lipid-based diet was a risk factor for excessive GWG (relative risk: 1.488, 95% confidence interval: 1.112-1.991), whereas a protein-based diet was a protective factor (relative risk: 0.6723, 95% confidence interval: 0.4431-1.020). We found no significant relationship between a carbohydrate-based diet and GWG. The total energy intake was significantly higher in the excessive GWG group than in the adequate GWG group.

Conclusions: Mainly a lipid-based diet in pregnant women might represent a risk factor for excessive GWG. However, a protein-based diet is a protective factor for excessive GWG.

Keywords: Gestational weight gain; anthropometric parameter; birth weight; energy intake; macronutrient; pregnancy.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flow chart showing selection of the subjects. GWG, gestational weight gain.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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