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. 2020 Apr 22:2020:8082560.
doi: 10.1155/2020/8082560. eCollection 2020.

(-)- cis-Carveol, a Natural Compound, Improves β-Amyloid-Peptide 1-42-Induced Memory Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Hippocampus

Lucian Hritcu  1 , Razvan Stefan Boiangiu  1 , Mayara Castro de Morais  2 , Damião Pergentino de Sousa  2
Affiliations

(-)- cis-Carveol, a Natural Compound, Improves β-Amyloid-Peptide 1-42-Induced Memory Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Hippocampus

Lucian Hritcu et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be considered a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of the β-amyloid-peptide (Aβ) within the brain leading to cognitive deficits, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The present work was carried out to investigate the neuroprotective effect of (-)-cis-carveol (1% and 3%, for 21 days) against the β-amyloid-peptide 1-42- (Aβ1-42-) induced AD. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups (n = 5/group): the first group-control (sham-operated); the second group-Aβ1-42 (1 mM) that received donepezil treatment (5 mg/kg, as the positive reference drug in the Y-maze and the radial arm maze tests); the third group-Aβ1-42 (1 mM); the fourth and fifth groups-Aβ1-42 (1 mM) that received (-)-cis-carveol treatment groups (1% and 3%). The results of this study demonstrated that (-)-cis-carveol improved Aβ1-42-induced memory deficits examined by using Y-maze and radial arm maze in vivo tests. Also, the biochemical analyses of the hippocampus homogenates showed that (-)-cis-carveol reduced hippocampal oxidative stress caused by Aβ1-42. Our results suggested that the use of (-)-cis-carveol may be suitable for decreasing AD-related symptoms.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of the inhaled carveol (1% and 3%) on (a) the SAP (%) in the Y-maze task and on (b) the working memory errors and (c) the reference memory errors during 7 days training in the radial arm maze task in the Aβ1-42-treated rats. Values are the means ± S.E.M. (n = 5 animals per group). For Tukey's post hoc analyses: (a) control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—#p < 0.01, control vs. Aβ1-42—##p < 0.001, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—###p < 0.0001, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—###p < 0.0001; (b) control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—###p < 0.0001, control vs. Aβ1-42—###p < 0.0001, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—###p < 0.0001, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—###p < 0.0001; (c) control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—###p < 0.0001, control vs. Aβ1-42—##p < 0.001, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—##p < 0.001, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—##p < 0.001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of the inhaled carveol (1% and 3%) on (a) the AChE, (b) SOD, and (c) GPX specific activities and (d) the total content of reduced GSH, (e) protein carbonyl, and (f) MDA levels estimated in the rat hippocampal homogenates of the Aβ1-42-treated rats. Values are the means ± S.E.M. (n = 5 animals per group). For Tukey's post hoc analyses: (a) control vs. Aβ1-42—#p < 0.01, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—##p < 0.001, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—#p < 0.01; (b) control vs. Aβ1-42—###p < 0.0001, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—##p < 0.001, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—##p < 0.001, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—##p < 0.001; (c) control vs. Aβ1-42—###p < 0.0001, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—##p < 0.001, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—##p < 0.001, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—###p < 0.0001; (d) control vs. Aβ1-42—##p < 0.001, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—###p < 0.0001, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—#p < 0.01, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—##p < 0.001; (e) control vs. Aβ1-42—###p < 0.0001, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—###p < 0.0001, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—#p < 0.01, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—##p < 0.001; (f) control vs. Aβ1-42—###p < 0.0001, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—###p < 0.0001, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—###p < 0.0001, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—###p < 0.0001.
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