From Association to Causality: the Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Functional Products on Host Metabolism

doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.005

Review

. 2020 May 21;78(4):584-596.

doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.005. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

From Association to Causality: the Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Functional Products on Host Metabolism

Ara Koh¹, Fredrik Bäckhed²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: arakoh@g.skku.edu.
² Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: fredrik@wlab.gu.se.

PMID: 32234490
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.005

Free article

Review

From Association to Causality: the Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Functional Products on Host Metabolism

Ara Koh et al. Mol Cell. 2020.

Free article

. 2020 May 21;78(4):584-596.

doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.005. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Authors

Ara Koh¹, Fredrik Bäckhed²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: arakoh@g.skku.edu.
² Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: fredrik@wlab.gu.se.

PMID: 32234490
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.005

Abstract

Many genomic studies have revealed associations between the gut microbiota composition and host metabolism. These observations led to the idea that a causal relationship could exist between the microbiota and metabolic diseases, a concept supported by studies showing compositional changes in the microbial community in metabolic diseases and transmissibility of host phenotype via microbiota transfer. Accumulating data suggest that the microbiota may affect host metabolic phenotypes through the production of metabolites. These bioactive microbial metabolites, sensitive fingerprints of microbial function, can act as inter-kingdom signaling messengers via penetration into host blood circulation and tissues. These fingerprints may be used for diagnostic purposes, and increased understanding of strain specificity in producing microbial metabolites can identify bacterial strains or specific metabolites that can be used for therapeutic purposes. Here, we will review data supporting the causal role of the gut microbiota in metabolism and discuss mechanisms and potential clinical implications.

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From Association to Causality: the Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Functional Products on Host Metabolism

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From Association to Causality: the Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Functional Products on Host Metabolism

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