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. 2020 Mar 13;17(6):1857.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061857.

Home Assessment of Indoor Microbiome (HAIM) in Relation to Lower Respiratory Tract Infections among Under-Five Children in Ibadan, Nigeria: The Study Protocol

Adekunle G Fakunle  1   2 , Babatunde Olusola  3 , Nkosana Jafta  1 , Adedayo Faneye  3 , Dick Heederik  4 , Lidwien A M Smit  4 , Rajen N Naidoo  1
Affiliations

Home Assessment of Indoor Microbiome (HAIM) in Relation to Lower Respiratory Tract Infections among Under-Five Children in Ibadan, Nigeria: The Study Protocol

Adekunle G Fakunle et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The association between household air pollution and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among children under five years of age has been well documented; however, the extent to which the microbiome within the indoor environment contributes to this association is uncertain. The home assessment of indoor microbiome (HAIM) study seeks to assess the abundance of indoor microbiota (IM) in the homes of under-five children (U-5Cs) with and without LRTI. HAIM is a hospital- and community-based study involving 200 cases and 200 controls recruited from three children's hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria. Cases will be hospital-based patients with LRTI confirmed by a pediatrician, while controls will be community-based participants, matched to cases on the basis of sex, geographical location, and age (±3 months) without LRTI. The abundance of IM in houses of cases and controls will be investigated using active and passive air sampling techniques and analyzed by qualitative detection of bacterial 16SrRNA gene (V3-V4), fungal ITS1 region, and viral RNA sequencing. HAIM is expected to elucidate the relationship between exposure to IM and incidence of LRTI among U-5Cs and ultimately provide evidence base for strategic interventions to curtail the burgeoning burden of LRTI on the subcontinent.

Keywords: Ibadan; home; indoor microbiome; lower respiratory tract infections; study protocol; under-five children.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of Ibadan showing the location of participating hospitals. The figure was originally created for the purpose of the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Home assessment of indoor microbiome (HAIM) protocol workflow for cases and controls. LRTI, Lower Respiratory Tract Infections; DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid; RNA, Ribonucleic acid; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Diagram showing indoor air pollutants that will be assessed in the HAIM project. Temp, Temperature; RH, Relative Humidity.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Directed acyclic graph (DAG) demonstrating causal relationships affecting the association between exposure to indoor microbiome (IM)/PM2.5 and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). IM, indoor microbiome; PM2.5, particulate matter size 2.5 µm; RHI, respiratory hazard index; indoor Temp, indoor temperature; indoor RH, indoor relative humidity.
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