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. 2020 Jan 30:2020:5076858.
doi: 10.1155/2020/5076858. eCollection 2020.

Elevated Serum TNF- α Is Related to Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Is Associated with Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance

Hana Alzamil  1
Affiliations

Elevated Serum TNF- α Is Related to Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Is Associated with Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance

Hana Alzamil. J Obes. .

Abstract

Background: Diabetes and obesity are very common associated metabolic disorders that are linked to chronic inflammation. Leptin is one of the important adipokines released from adipocytes, and its level increases with increasing body mass index (BMI). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-α) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-Methodology. This is a cross-sectional study involving 63 healthy volunteers and 65 patients with T2DM. Body composition was measured, and fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), basal insulin, leptin, and TNF-α) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-α) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF.

Results: Our study showed a significantly higher level of TNF-α) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-p=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-α) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-p=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-p=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-α) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-r = 0.361, p=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF-r = 0.361, p=0.008). In obese diabetic patients, the serum level of TNF.

Conclusion: TNF-α is associated with concurrent obesity and T2DM and correlates with HbA1c. This suggests that TNF-α needs further investigation to explore if it has a role in monitoring the effectiveness of management in individuals with obesity and T2DM.α) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF-α) is a cytokine that is released by adipocytes and inflammatory cells in response to chronic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the involvement of leptin and TNF.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of BMI on serum TNF-α levels (mean ± SEM). Nonobese nondiabetic group vs obese nondiabetic group; p value = NS. §Obese diabetic patients vs nonobese diabetic patients (p < 0.018). Nonobese nondiabetic group vs nonobese diabetic patients; p value = NS. ∗Obese diabetic patients vs obese nondiabetic group (p < 0.001). NS: not significant.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between serum TNF-α levels pg/ml (mean ± SEM) with (a) HbA1c and (b) HOMA-IR in diabetic patients (p < 0.003 and p < 0.017, respectively).
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