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Review
. 2020 Jan 8:10:1626.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01626. eCollection 2019.

The Multiple Facets of Plant-Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics

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Review

The Multiple Facets of Plant-Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics

Delphine Vincent et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

The plant secretome is usually considered in the frame of proteomics, aiming at characterizing extracellular proteins, their biological roles and the mechanisms accounting for their secretion in the extracellular space. In this review, we aim to highlight recent results pertaining to secretion through the conventional and unconventional protein secretion pathways notably those involving plant exosomes or extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, plants are well known to actively secrete a large array of different molecules from polymers (e.g. extracellular RNA and DNA) to small compounds (e.g. ATP, phytochemicals, secondary metabolites, phytohormones). All of these play pivotal roles in plant-fungi (or oomycetes) interactions, both for beneficial (mycorrhizal fungi) and deleterious outcomes (pathogens) for the plant. For instance, recent work reveals that such secretion of small molecules by roots is of paramount importance to sculpt the rhizospheric microbiota. Our aim in this review is to extend the definition of the plant and fungal secretomes to a broader sense to better understand the functioning of the plant/microorganisms holobiont. Fundamental perspectives will be brought to light along with the novel tools that should support establishing an environment-friendly and sustainable agriculture.

Keywords: agriculture; apoplast; extracellular vesicles; fungal effectors; plant–fungi interactions; root exudates; whole and integrated secretomics.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Components of the plant immune system deployed in the extracellular milieu against fungal pathogens. A, appressorium; CS, conventional secretion; eATP, extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; EV, extracellular vesicle; G, Golgi apparatus; IH, invasive hyphae; N, nucleus with nucleolus; NCS, non-conventional secretion; SA, salicylic acid; SV, secretary vesicle; S, spore.

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