Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Mar 25;71(6):1757-1762.
doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz543.

Defining the dance: quantification and classification of endoplasmic reticulum dynamics

Charlotte Pain  1 , Verena Kriechbaumer  1
Affiliations

Defining the dance: quantification and classification of endoplasmic reticulum dynamics

Charlotte Pain et al. J Exp Bot. .

Abstract

The availability of quantification methods for subcellular organelle dynamic analysis has increased rapidly over the last 20 years. The application of these techniques to contiguous subcellular structures that exhibit dynamic remodelling over a range of scales and orientations is challenging, as quantification of 'movement' rarely corresponds to traditional, qualitative classifications of types of organelle movement. The plant endoplasmic reticulum represents a particular challenge for dynamic quantification as it itself is an entirely contiguous organelle that is in a constant state of flux and gross remodelling, controlled by the actinomyosin cytoskeleton.

Keywords: Dynamics; ER remodeling; endoplasmic reticulum (ER); microscopy; movement; quantitative analysis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Temporal colour coding to represent ER remodelling. (a–c) Single frames of a tobacco leaf epidermal cell transiently expressing the ER marker GFP–HDEL. Images are collected 60 s apart and are individually pseudocoloured. (d) Overlay of all pseudocoloured frames to produce a temporal colour-coded image of ER dynamics through time. Scale bars=5 µm.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Proposed classification of types of ER dynamics. Four proposed classifications of ER dynamics split over a range of scales and across different structures. Examples of several types of movement, including schematic representations of lumenal versus membrane particle flow, tubule elongation, cisternae splitting, the identification of stable nodes, rapid ER streaming, and inherent ER motion after treatment with Lat B are also shown. All images are of tobacco leaf epidermal cells transiently expressing GFP–HDEL. Images are captured using confocal microscopy.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Detection of ER lumenal particle dynamics and ER remodelling in two Arabidopsis cell types. TrackMate output of the path of Arabidopsis fusiform body movement through the lumen of the ER in Arabidopsis 7-day-old cotyledon cells (a) and cotyledonary petiole cells (b). Boxplot of the mean speed of fusiform body movement in the two cell types (c). Persistency mapping (d), the direction of ER remodelling detected by optical flow (e), and the rate of ER remodelling detected using optical flow (f) in cotyledon cells, with enlarged regions shown below (g–i). Persistency mapping (j) and optical flow analysis outputs (k and l) of ER remodelling analysis in Arabidopsis cotyledonary petioles, with enlarged regions shown below (m–o). Persistency maps are displayed for cisternae (magenta), tubules (green), and stable points (white), with the skeleton from the initial frame overlaid in blue. Darker colours indicate less stable structures. Optical flow images are pseudocoloured by the rate of detected movement between frames. Scale bars=5 µm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Aridor M, Traub LM. 2002. Cargo selection in vesicular transport: the making and breaking of a coat. Traffic 3, 537–546. - PubMed
    1. Aridor M, Weissman J, Bannykh S, Nuoffer C, Balch WE. 1998. Cargo selection by the COPII budding machinery during export from the ER. Journal of Cell Biology 141, 61–70. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Breeze E, Dzimitrowicz N, Kriechbaumer V, et al. . 2016. A C-terminal amphipathic helix is necessary for the in vivo tubule-shaping function of a plant reticulon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 113, 10902–10907. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cao P, Renna L, Stefano G, Brandizzi F. 2016. SYP73 anchors the ER to the actin cytoskeleton for maintenance of ER integrity and streaming in Arabidopsis. Current Biology 26, 3245–3254. - PubMed
    1. Chen T, Tian S. 2018. Variable-angle epifluorescence microscopy characterizes protein dynamics in the vicinity of plasma membrane in plant cells. BMC Plant Biology 18, 1–17. - PMC - PubMed