Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium

doi:10.1093/cid/ciz1008

. 2020 Sep 12;71(6):1367-1376.

doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz1008.

Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium

J Peter Donnelly¹, Sharon C Chen², Carol A Kauffman³, William J Steinbach⁴, John W Baddley⁵, Paul E Verweij⁶, Cornelius J Clancy⁷, John R Wingard⁸, Shawn R Lockhart⁹, Andreas H Groll¹⁰, Tania C Sorrell¹¹, Matteo Bassetti¹², Hamdi Akan¹³, Barbara D Alexander¹⁴, David Andes¹⁵, Elie Azoulay¹⁶, Ralf Bialek¹⁷, Robert W Bradsher¹⁸, Stephane Bretagne¹⁹, Thierry Calandra²⁰, Angela M Caliendo²¹, Elio Castagnola²², Mario Cruciani²³, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella²⁴, Catherine F Decker²⁵, Sujal R Desai²⁶, Brian Fisher²⁷, Thomas Harrison²⁸, Claus Peter Heussel²⁹, Henrik E Jensen³⁰, Christopher C Kibbler³¹, Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis³², Bart-Jan Kullberg³³, Katrien Lagrou³⁴, Frédéric Lamoth³⁵, Thomas Lehrnbecher³⁶, Jurgen Loeffler³⁷, Olivier Lortholary³⁸, Johan Maertens^{39

40}, Oscar Marchetti²⁰, Kieren A Marr⁴¹, Henry Masur⁴², Jacques F Meis⁴³, C Orla Morrisey⁴⁴, Marcio Nucci⁴⁵, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner⁴⁶, Livio Pagano⁴⁷, Thomas F Patterson⁴⁸, John R Perfect¹⁴, Zdenek Racil⁴⁹, Emmanuel Roilides⁵⁰, Marcus Ruhnke⁵¹, Cornelia Schaefer Prokop⁵², Shmuel Shoham⁴¹, Monica A Slavin⁵³, David A Stevens^{54

55}, George R Thompson⁵⁶, Jose A Vazquez⁵⁷, Claudio Viscoli⁵⁸, Thomas J Walsh⁵⁹, Adilia Warris⁶⁰, L Joseph Wheat⁶¹, P Lewis White⁶², Theoklis E Zaoutis⁶³, Peter G Pappas⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Hematology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
² Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
³ Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
⁵ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
⁶ Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁷ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁸ Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
⁹ Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
¹⁰ Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany.
¹¹ University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Institute for Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.
¹² Infectious Disease Clinic, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Department of Health Sciences, DISSAL, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
¹³ Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Cebeci Campus, Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Ankara, Turkey.
¹⁴ Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
¹⁵ Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine and Public Health and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
¹⁶ Médicine Intensive et Réanimation Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
¹⁷ Molecular Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, LADR Zentrallabor Dr. Kramer & Kollegen, Geesthacht, Germany.
¹⁸ Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
¹⁹ Institut Pasteur, Molecular Mycology Unit, CNRS UMR2000, Mycology Laboratory, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
²⁰ Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
²¹ Department of Medicine, Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
²² Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
²³ Infectious Diseases Unit, G. Fracastoro Hospital, San Bonifacio, Verona, Italy.
²⁴ Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
²⁵ Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
²⁶ National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
²⁷ Pediatric Infectious Diseases Division at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
²⁸ Centre for Global Health, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St Georges University of London, London, UK.
²⁹ Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
³⁰ Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³¹ Centre for Medical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.
³² UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
³³ Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
³⁴ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation and Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
³⁵ Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine and Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
³⁶ Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
³⁷ Molecular Biology and Infection, Medical Hospital II, WÜ4i, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
³⁸ Paris University, Necker Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, IHU Imagine & Institut Pasteur, Molecular Mycology Unit, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France.
³⁹ Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴⁰ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴¹ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School.
⁴² Critical Care Medicine Department NIH-Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
⁴³ Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁴⁴ Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
⁴⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁴⁶ Division of Infectious Diseases, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
⁴⁷ Istituto di Ematologia, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.
⁴⁸ UT Health San Antonio and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
⁵⁰ Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁵¹ Department of Hematology & Oncology, Lukas Hospital, Buende, Germany.
⁵² Meander Medical Center Amersfoort and Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁵³ Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center and the National Centre for Infections in Cancer, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁵⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California.
⁵⁵ California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA.
⁵⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
⁵⁷ Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Georgia/Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
⁵⁸ Division of Infectious Disease, University of Genova and San Martino University Hospital, Genova, Italy.
⁵⁹ Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, New York, New York, USA.
⁶⁰ MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
⁶¹ MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
⁶² Public Health Wales Mycology Reference Laboratory, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
⁶³ Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

PMID: 31802125
PMCID: PMC7486838
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1008

Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium

J Peter Donnelly et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.

. 2020 Sep 12;71(6):1367-1376.

doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz1008.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Hematology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
² Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
³ Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
⁵ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
⁶ Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁷ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁸ Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
⁹ Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
¹⁰ Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany.
¹¹ University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Institute for Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.
¹² Infectious Disease Clinic, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Department of Health Sciences, DISSAL, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
¹³ Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Cebeci Campus, Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Ankara, Turkey.
¹⁴ Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
¹⁵ Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine and Public Health and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
¹⁶ Médicine Intensive et Réanimation Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
¹⁷ Molecular Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, LADR Zentrallabor Dr. Kramer & Kollegen, Geesthacht, Germany.
¹⁸ Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
¹⁹ Institut Pasteur, Molecular Mycology Unit, CNRS UMR2000, Mycology Laboratory, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
²⁰ Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
²¹ Department of Medicine, Alpert Warren Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
²² Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
²³ Infectious Diseases Unit, G. Fracastoro Hospital, San Bonifacio, Verona, Italy.
²⁴ Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
²⁵ Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
²⁶ National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
²⁷ Pediatric Infectious Diseases Division at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
²⁸ Centre for Global Health, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St Georges University of London, London, UK.
²⁹ Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
³⁰ Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³¹ Centre for Medical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.
³² UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
³³ Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
³⁴ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation and Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
³⁵ Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine and Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
³⁶ Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
³⁷ Molecular Biology and Infection, Medical Hospital II, WÜ4i, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
³⁸ Paris University, Necker Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, IHU Imagine & Institut Pasteur, Molecular Mycology Unit, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France.
³⁹ Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴⁰ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴¹ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School.
⁴² Critical Care Medicine Department NIH-Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
⁴³ Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁴⁴ Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
⁴⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁴⁶ Division of Infectious Diseases, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
⁴⁷ Istituto di Ematologia, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.
⁴⁸ UT Health San Antonio and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
⁵⁰ Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁵¹ Department of Hematology & Oncology, Lukas Hospital, Buende, Germany.
⁵² Meander Medical Center Amersfoort and Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁵³ Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center and the National Centre for Infections in Cancer, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁵⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California.
⁵⁵ California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA.
⁵⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
⁵⁷ Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Georgia/Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
⁵⁸ Division of Infectious Disease, University of Genova and San Martino University Hospital, Genova, Italy.
⁵⁹ Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, New York, New York, USA.
⁶⁰ MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
⁶¹ MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
⁶² Public Health Wales Mycology Reference Laboratory, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
⁶³ Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

PMID: 31802125
PMCID: PMC7486838
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1008

Abstract

Background: Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. The consensus definitions of the Infectious Diseases Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group have been of immense value to researchers who conduct clinical trials of antifungals, assess diagnostic tests, and undertake epidemiologic studies. However, their utility has not extended beyond patients with cancer or recipients of stem cell or solid organ transplants. With newer diagnostic techniques available, it was clear that an update of these definitions was essential.

Methods: To achieve this, 10 working groups looked closely at imaging, laboratory diagnosis, and special populations at risk of IFD. A final version of the manuscript was agreed upon after the groups' findings were presented at a scientific symposium and after a 3-month period for public comment. There were several rounds of discussion before a final version of the manuscript was approved.

Results: There is no change in the classifications of "proven," "probable," and "possible" IFD, although the definition of "probable" has been expanded and the scope of the category "possible" has been diminished. The category of proven IFD can apply to any patient, regardless of whether the patient is immunocompromised. The probable and possible categories are proposed for immunocompromised patients only, except for endemic mycoses.

Conclusions: These updated definitions of IFDs should prove applicable in clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic research of a broader range of patients at high-risk.

Keywords: consensus; definitions; diagnosis; invasive fungal diseases; research.

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Comment in

Defining Invasive Fungal Diseases for Clinical Research: A Work in Progress.
Rogers TR. Rogers TR. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 12;71(6):1377-1378. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz1013. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. PMID: 31802113 No abstract available.
The Revised Definitions for Invasive Fungal Diseases: Some Advances But Questions Remain.
Mafaciolli R, Pasqualotto AC. Mafaciolli R, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 3;71(9):2541-2542. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa099. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. PMID: 32006011 No abstract available.
Reply to Mafaciolli and Pasqualotto.
Verweij PE, Maertens J, Chen SC, Pappas PG, Donnelly JP. Verweij PE, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 3;71(9):2542-2543. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa104. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. PMID: 32006030 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
Reply to Herbrecht et al.
Baddley JW, Morrissey CO, Shaefer-Prokop C, Chen SC, Pappas PG, Donnelly JP. Baddley JW, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 17;71(10):2774-2775. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa208. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. PMID: 32124928 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
Validation by Real-life Data of the New Radiological Criteria of the Revised and Updated Consensus Definition for Invasive Fungal Diseases.
Herbrecht R, Guffroy B, Danion F, Venkatasamy A, Simand C, Ledoux MP. Herbrecht R, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 17;71(10):2773-2774. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa205. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. PMID: 32124931 No abstract available.
Reply to Luppi et al.
Wingard JR, Maertens J, Pagano L, Chen SC, Pappas PG, Donnelly JP. Wingard JR, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 15;71(12):3266. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa324. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. PMID: 32412052 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
Ibrutinib Is a Newly Recognized Host Factor for the Definition of Probable Invasive Pulmonary Mold Disease, Based on Off-target Effects, Unrelated to Its B-cell Immunosuppressant Activity.
Luppi M, Forghieri F, Potenza L. Luppi M, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 15;71(12):3265-3266. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa323. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. PMID: 32412056 No abstract available.

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References

1. De Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP, et al. ; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group Consensus Group Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1813–21. - PMC - PubMed
1. Maertens JA, Raad II, Marr KA, et al. . Isavuconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive mould disease caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): a phase 3, randomised-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2016; 387:760–9. - PubMed
1. Herbrecht R, Patterson TF, Slavin MA, et al. . Application of the 2008 definitions for invasive fungal diseases to the trial comparing voriconazole versus amphotericin B for therapy of invasive aspergillosis: a collaborative study of the Mycoses Study Group (MSG 05) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Infectious Diseases Group. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60:713–20. - PubMed
1. Pappas PG, Alexander BD, Andes DR, et al. . Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET). Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1101–11. - PubMed
1. Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Park BJ, et al. . Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001–2006: overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) database. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1091–100. - PubMed

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[1] De Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP, et al. ; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group Consensus Group Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1813–21. - PMC - PubMed

[2] De Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP, et al. ; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group Consensus Group Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1813–21. - PMC - PubMed

[3] Maertens JA, Raad II, Marr KA, et al. . Isavuconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive mould disease caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): a phase 3, randomised-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2016; 387:760–9. - PubMed

[4] Maertens JA, Raad II, Marr KA, et al. . Isavuconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive mould disease caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): a phase 3, randomised-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2016; 387:760–9. - PubMed

[5] Herbrecht R, Patterson TF, Slavin MA, et al. . Application of the 2008 definitions for invasive fungal diseases to the trial comparing voriconazole versus amphotericin B for therapy of invasive aspergillosis: a collaborative study of the Mycoses Study Group (MSG 05) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Infectious Diseases Group. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60:713–20. - PubMed

[6] Herbrecht R, Patterson TF, Slavin MA, et al. . Application of the 2008 definitions for invasive fungal diseases to the trial comparing voriconazole versus amphotericin B for therapy of invasive aspergillosis: a collaborative study of the Mycoses Study Group (MSG 05) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Infectious Diseases Group. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60:713–20. - PubMed

[7] Pappas PG, Alexander BD, Andes DR, et al. . Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET). Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1101–11. - PubMed

[8] Pappas PG, Alexander BD, Andes DR, et al. . Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET). Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1101–11. - PubMed

[9] Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Park BJ, et al. . Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001–2006: overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) database. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1091–100. - PubMed

[10] Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Park BJ, et al. . Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001–2006: overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) database. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1091–100. - PubMed

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Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium

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Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium

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