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. 2019 Nov 4:2019:6921315.
doi: 10.1155/2019/6921315. eCollection 2019.

Does Arterial Hypertension Affect Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease? A Preliminary Study

Wiktor Kuliczkowski  1 , Marta Banaszkiewicz  2 , Andrzej Mysiak  1 , Grzegorz Makaś  3 , Iwona Bil-Lula  2
Affiliations

Does Arterial Hypertension Affect Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease? A Preliminary Study

Wiktor Kuliczkowski et al. Cardiol Res Pract. .

Abstract

Background: Arterial hypertension (HT) is a serious and prevalent epidemiological factor in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their natural endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of HT and its complications. MMPs are also involved in the development of diabetes (DM), a risk factor for CAD. The aim of the study was to explore the influence of CAD, HT, and DM on changes in plasma levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitor TIMP-4.

Methods and results: The study involved 70 patients with stable CAD admitted for coronary angiography and 15 healthy subjects. Whole blood samples were collected prior to angiography. MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-4 levels in plasma were estimated using ELISA tests. CAD patients showed a significantly increased level of TIMP-4 and decreased level of MMP-2 in comparison to healthy controls (p=0.011 and p=0.037, respectively). Concentration of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-4 did not differ in the group with and without hypertension. Patients with DM presented higher MMP-2 level than patients without DM (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis of the influence of independent variables such as CAD stage, DM, and HT on MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-4 showed that only DM was independently associated with a higher level of MMP-2 (β = 0.42, R 2 = 0.17, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Data showed that patients with CAD presented higher TIMP-4 and lower MMP-2 concentration regardless of HT and DM. HT had no effect on MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-4 levels in serum. DM was independently associated with higher MMP-2 concentration; however, co-occurrence of CAD and DM was associated with the balance in the MMP-2 level. Concentration of MMP-9 did not change significantly in any of the analysed groups.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Levels of MMP-2 (a), MMP-9 (b), and TIMP-4 (c) in all analysed groups (∗ − p < 0.05). CAD + HT − DM−: group of patients suffering from coronary artery disease only; CAD + HT + DM−: group of patients suffering from coronary artery disease and hypertension without diabetes; CAD + HT + DM + : group of patients suffering from coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes; Control: control group; MMP-2: matrix metalloproteinase-2; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; TIMP-4: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4. Statistical tests used: Mann–Whitney U test and unpaired t-test.
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