Interventions to improve the HIV continuum of care in China

doi:10.1007/s11904-019-00469-y

Review

. 2019 Dec;16(6):448-457.

doi: 10.1007/s11904-019-00469-y.

Interventions to improve the HIV continuum of care in China

Xiangjun Zhang¹, Na Wang², Sten H Vermund³, Huachun Zou⁴, Xianhong Li⁵, Fujie Zhang^{6

7}, Han-Zhu Qian^{8

9}

Affiliations

¹ School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
² School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.
³ Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁴ School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
⁵ Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China.
⁶ Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
⁷ Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
⁸ Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA. han-zhu.qian@yale.edu.
⁹ SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. han-zhu.qian@yale.edu.

PMID: 31776975
PMCID: PMC10767704
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00469-y

Review

Interventions to improve the HIV continuum of care in China

Xiangjun Zhang et al. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2019 Dec.

. 2019 Dec;16(6):448-457.

doi: 10.1007/s11904-019-00469-y.

Authors

Xiangjun Zhang¹, Na Wang², Sten H Vermund³, Huachun Zou⁴, Xianhong Li⁵, Fujie Zhang^{6

7}, Han-Zhu Qian^{8

9}

Affiliations

¹ School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
² School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.
³ Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁴ School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
⁵ Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China.
⁶ Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
⁷ Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
⁸ Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA. han-zhu.qian@yale.edu.
⁹ SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. han-zhu.qian@yale.edu.

PMID: 31776975
PMCID: PMC10767704
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00469-y

Abstract

Purpose of review: To describe HIV epidemic and interventions for improving HIV continuum of care in China.

Recent findings: The reported HIV epidemic has been continuously increasing, partially due to the expansion of active HIV testing campaign. Public health intervention programs have been effective in containing HIV spread among former plasma donors and people who inject drugs (PWID), but more infections occur among heterosexual men and women and young men who have sex with men. Of 1.25 million Chinese people are living with HIV, one-third do not know their status. About two-thirds of diagnosed individuals have used antiretroviral therapy (ART) and two-thirds of those on ART have achieved viral suppression, but some risk groups such as PWID have lower rates. The national free ART program has reduced adult and pediatric mortality and reduced heterosexual transmission. China faces great challenges to reduce HIV sexual transmission, improve the HIV continuum of care, and close the gaps to the UNAIDS Three "90" Targets.

Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; China; Continuum of care; HIV; Testing; Viral suppression.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Important events of HIV/AIDS epidemic and policy development in China, 1985–2018. PWID, people who inject drugs; NEP, needle exchange program; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission; MMT, methadone maintenance treatment; ART, antiretroviral therapy

**Fig. 2**
Number of HIV tests and positive diagnoses and prevalence in China, 2004–2017

**Fig. 3**
Transmission routes of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in China, 1985–2017

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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[1] Yu ES, Xie Q, Zhang K, Lu P, Chan LL. HIV infection and AIDS in China, 1985 through 1994. Am J Public Health. 1996;86(8): 1116–22. - PMC - PubMed

[2] Yu ES, Xie Q, Zhang K, Lu P, Chan LL. HIV infection and AIDS in China, 1985 through 1994. Am J Public Health. 1996;86(8): 1116–22. - PMC - PubMed

[3] Wang L Overview of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, scientific research and government responses in China. AIDS. 2007;21(Suppl 8):S3–7. - PubMed

[4] Wang L Overview of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, scientific research and government responses in China. AIDS. 2007;21(Suppl 8):S3–7. - PubMed

[5] Chen H, Luo L, Pan SW, et al. HIV epidemiology and prevention in southwestern China: trends from 1996–2017. Curr HIV Res. 2019. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Chen H, Luo L, Pan SW, et al. HIV epidemiology and prevention in southwestern China: trends from 1996–2017. Curr HIV Res. 2019. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Qian ZH, Vermund SH, Wang N. Risk of HIV/AIDS in China: subpopulations of special importance. Sexually transmitted infections. 2005;81(6):442–7. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Qian ZH, Vermund SH, Wang N. Risk of HIV/AIDS in China: subpopulations of special importance. Sexually transmitted infections. 2005;81(6):442–7. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Qian H-Z, Schumacher JE, Chen HT, Ruan Y-H. Injection drug use and HIV/AIDS in China: review of current situation, prevention and policy implications. Harm reduction journal. 2006;3(1):4. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Qian H-Z, Schumacher JE, Chen HT, Ruan Y-H. Injection drug use and HIV/AIDS in China: review of current situation, prevention and policy implications. Harm reduction journal. 2006;3(1):4. - PMC - PubMed

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Interventions to improve the HIV continuum of care in China

Affiliations

Interventions to improve the HIV continuum of care in China

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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