Therapeutic Potential of α- and β-Pinene: A Miracle Gift of Nature

doi:10.3390/biom9110738

Review

. 2019 Nov 14;9(11):738.

doi: 10.3390/biom9110738.

Therapeutic Potential of α- and β-Pinene: A Miracle Gift of Nature

Affiliations

¹ Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran.
² G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India.
³ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
⁴ G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Garhwal Regional Centre, Srinagar-246174, Uttarakhand, India.
⁵ School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora PO Box 71, VIC 3083, Australia.
⁶ Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
⁷ Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran.
⁸ Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
⁹ Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
¹⁰ Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China.
¹¹ Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.

PMID: 31739596
PMCID: PMC6920849
DOI: 10.3390/biom9110738

Review

Therapeutic Potential of α- and β-Pinene: A Miracle Gift of Nature

Bahare Salehi et al. Biomolecules. 2019.

. 2019 Nov 14;9(11):738.

doi: 10.3390/biom9110738.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran.
² G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India.
³ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
⁴ G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Garhwal Regional Centre, Srinagar-246174, Uttarakhand, India.
⁵ School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora PO Box 71, VIC 3083, Australia.
⁶ Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
⁷ Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran.
⁸ Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
⁹ Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
¹⁰ Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China.
¹¹ Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.

PMID: 31739596
PMCID: PMC6920849
DOI: 10.3390/biom9110738

Abstract

α- and β-pinene are well-known representatives of the monoterpenes group, and are found in many plants' essential oils. A wide range of pharmacological activities have been reported, including antibiotic resistance modulation, anticoagulant, antitumor, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-Leishmania, and analgesic effects. This article aims to summarize the most prominent effects of α- and β-pinene, namely their cytogenetic, gastroprotective, anxiolytic, cytoprotective, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects, as well as their effects against H₂O₂-stimulated oxidative stress, pancreatitis, stress-stimulated hyperthermia, and pulpal pain. Finally, we will also discuss the bioavailability, administration, as well as their biological activity and clinical applications.

Keywords: bioavailability; clinical studies; cytotoxicity; pharmacological activities; α-pinene, β-pinene.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Chemical structures of α- and β-pinene.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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1. Vespermann K.A., Paulino B.N., Barcelos M.C., Pessoa M.G., Pastore G.M., Molina G. Biotransformation of alpha- and beta-pinene into flavor compounds. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2017;101:1805–1817. doi: 10.1007/s00253-016-8066-7. - DOI - PubMed
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1. Erman M.B., Kane B.J. Chemistry around pinene and pinane: A facile synthesis of cyclobutanes and oxatricyclo-derivative of pinane from cis- and trans-pinanols. Chem. Biodivers. 2008;5:910–919. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200890104. - DOI - PubMed
1. da Silva A.C., Lopes P.M., de Azevedo M.M., Costa D.C., Alviano C.S., Alviano D.S. Biological activities of alpha-pinene and beta-pinene enantiomers. Molecules. 2012;17:6305–6316. doi: 10.3390/molecules17066305. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Winnacker M. Pinenes: Abundant and Renewable Building Blocks for a Variety of Sustainable Polymers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018;57:14362–14371. doi: 10.1002/anie.201804009. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Winnacker M. Pinenes: Abundant and Renewable Building Blocks for a Variety of Sustainable Polymers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018;57:14362–14371. doi: 10.1002/anie.201804009. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Vespermann K.A., Paulino B.N., Barcelos M.C., Pessoa M.G., Pastore G.M., Molina G. Biotransformation of alpha- and beta-pinene into flavor compounds. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2017;101:1805–1817. doi: 10.1007/s00253-016-8066-7. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Vespermann K.A., Paulino B.N., Barcelos M.C., Pessoa M.G., Pastore G.M., Molina G. Biotransformation of alpha- and beta-pinene into flavor compounds. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2017;101:1805–1817. doi: 10.1007/s00253-016-8066-7. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Berger R.G. Flavours and Fragrances: Chemistry, Bioprocessing and Sustainability. Springer; Berlin, Germany: New York, NY, USA: 2007. p. 648.

[6] Berger R.G. Flavours and Fragrances: Chemistry, Bioprocessing and Sustainability. Springer; Berlin, Germany: New York, NY, USA: 2007. p. 648.

[7] Erman M.B., Kane B.J. Chemistry around pinene and pinane: A facile synthesis of cyclobutanes and oxatricyclo-derivative of pinane from cis- and trans-pinanols. Chem. Biodivers. 2008;5:910–919. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200890104. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Erman M.B., Kane B.J. Chemistry around pinene and pinane: A facile synthesis of cyclobutanes and oxatricyclo-derivative of pinane from cis- and trans-pinanols. Chem. Biodivers. 2008;5:910–919. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200890104. - DOI - PubMed

[9] da Silva A.C., Lopes P.M., de Azevedo M.M., Costa D.C., Alviano C.S., Alviano D.S. Biological activities of alpha-pinene and beta-pinene enantiomers. Molecules. 2012;17:6305–6316. doi: 10.3390/molecules17066305. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] da Silva A.C., Lopes P.M., de Azevedo M.M., Costa D.C., Alviano C.S., Alviano D.S. Biological activities of alpha-pinene and beta-pinene enantiomers. Molecules. 2012;17:6305–6316. doi: 10.3390/molecules17066305. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Therapeutic Potential of α- and β-Pinene: A Miracle Gift of Nature

Affiliations

Therapeutic Potential of α- and β-Pinene: A Miracle Gift of Nature

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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