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. 2019 Aug 13;9(8):364.
doi: 10.3390/biom9080364.

Identification of SWI2/SNF2-Related 1 Chromatin Remodeling Complex (SWR1-C) Subunits in Pineapple and the Role of Pineapple SWR1 COMPLEX 6 (AcSWC6) in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Response

Bello Hassan Jakada  1   2 , Mohammad Aslam  3   4 , Beenish Fakher  1 , Joseph G Greaves  1 , Zeyun Li  2 , Weimin Li  1 , Linyi Lai  5 , Oyekunle Adenike Ayoade  1   2 , Yan Cheng  5 , Shijiang Cao  1   6 , Gang Li  1 , Jer-Ming Hu  7 , Yuan Qin  8   9
Affiliations

Identification of SWI2/SNF2-Related 1 Chromatin Remodeling Complex (SWR1-C) Subunits in Pineapple and the Role of Pineapple SWR1 COMPLEX 6 (AcSWC6) in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Response

Bello Hassan Jakada et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

Chromatin remodeling complex orchestrates numerous aspects of growth and development in eukaryotes. SWI2/SNF2-Related 1 chromatin remodeling complex (SWR1-C) is a member of the SWI/SNF ATPase-containing chromatin remodeling complex responsible for the exchange of H2A for H2A.Z. In plants, SWR1-C plays a crucial role by transcriptionally regulating numerous biological and developmental processes. However, SWR1-C activity remains obscure in pineapple. Here, we aim to identify the SWR1-C subunits in pineapple. By genome-wide identification, we found a total of 11 SWR1-C subunits in the pineapple. The identified SWR1-C subunits were named and classified based on the sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis. RNA-Seq analysis showed that pineapple SWR1-C subunits are expressed differentially in different organs and at different stages. Additionally, the qRT-PCR of pineapple SWR1-C subunits during abiotic stress exposure showed significant changes in their expression. We further investigated the functions of pineapple SWR1 COMPLEX 6 (AcSWC6) by ectopically expressing it in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, transgenic plants ectopically expressing AcSWC6 showed susceptibility to fungal infection and enhanced resistance to salt and osmotic stress, revealing its involvement in biotic and abiotic stress. Moreover, the complementation of mutant Arabidopsisswc6 by pineapple SWC6 suggested the conserved function of SWC6 in plants.

Keywords: SWC6/SEF; SWR1-C; biotic stress; chromatin remodeling complex; pineapple.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic tree indicating the relationships among SWI2/SNF2-Related 1 chromatin remodeling complex (SWR1-C) subunits from pineapple, rice, and Arabidopsis. Prefixes ‘At’, Os, and ‘Ac’ indicate SWR1-C proteins from Arabidopsis, Oryza sativa, and Ananas comosus respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Exon–intron structure of pineapple SWR1-C subunits.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chromosomal locations of pineapple SWR1-C subunits. The 11 SWR1 subunits of pineapple were mapped to different chromosomes using MapChart. The position of pineapple SWR1-C subunits are represented in green.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Expression profiles of pineapple SWR1-C subunits in different organs and developmental stages. Red color indicates high levels of transcript abundance, and blue color indicates low transcript abundance. The color scale is shown at top left side of the figure. Sample details are mentioned at the bottom of each lane: sepal Se1–Se4, gynoecium Gy1–Gy7, ovule Ov1–Ov7, petal Pe1–Pe3, stamen St1–St6, fruit Fr_S1–Fr_S7, root Ro, leaf Le and flower Fl. “S” is the abbreviation for “stage.” pineapple SWR1-C subunit names are shown on the right side of the figure.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Expression profiles of the pineapple AcSWC6 subunit in response to different stress treatments. qRT-PCR of AcSWC6 subunit at different time point (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) and samples (leaf and root) after (a) Salt (NaCl 150 mM), (b) Heat (45 °C) stress (c) (Mannitol 350 mM), and (d) Cold (4 °C) stress. Data were normalized with pineapple EF1a gene and vertical bars indicate standard error (SE). All experiments were performed with three technical and three biological repeats.
Figure 6
Figure 6
AcSWC6-GFP localizes to the nucleus. (a) AcSWC6-GFP localization in the nucleus of seven-day-old roots of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. GFP fluorescence is represented in green and propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence channel is represented in red (b) AcSWC6-GFP localization in the nucleus of seven-day-old roots of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. GFP fluorescence is represented in green and DAPI fluorescence channel is represented in blue. Scale bars = 20 μm.
Figure 7
Figure 7
AcSWC6 regulates the biotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis: (a) Morphology of four-week-old wild-type (Col-0) and AcSWC6 overexpressing plant; (b) Relative expression of AcSWC6 in pineapple leaf at different time points after infection with fungus (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum); (c) Damage in leaves by fungus (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) to mature rosette leaves of wild-type and AcSWC6 overexpressing plants after 24 h infection; (d) Detection of H2O2 by DAB staining in leaves of wild-type (Col-0) and AcSWC6 overexpressing plants after 24 h infection. The brown color reflects the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation after the fungal treatment.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Overexpression of AcSWC6 results in resistance to salinity and osmotic stress. Phenotype of 4 days and 6 days old wild type, Atswc6, 35S::AcSWC6 and complemented line germinated under salinity (150 mM NaCl) and osmotic stress (300 mM mannitol).
Figure 9
Figure 9
AcSWC6 rescues the Atswc6 mutant floral architecture. (a) Flower architecture phenotype of wild type, Atswc6, and Atswc6 35S::AcSWC6 complemented lines. (b) Petal phenotype of wild type, Atswc6, and Atswc6 35S::AcSWC6.
Figure 10
Figure 10
AcSWC6 flower phenotype in Arabidopsis. (a) and (b) Pedicel length phenotype, (c) Silique and, (d) leaf phenotype of wild type, Atswc6, and Atswc6 35S::AcSWC6 complemented lines.
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