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Review
. 2019 Jul 5:10:124.
doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_522_18. eCollection 2019.

Prevalence of Hypertension in Renal Diseases in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Morteza Motedayen  1 , Diana Sarokhani  2 , Bahareh Ghiasi  3 , Alireza Khatony  4 , Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi  5
Affiliations
Review

Prevalence of Hypertension in Renal Diseases in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Morteza Motedayen et al. Int J Prev Med. .

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a risk factor for renal disease. Therefore, this study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients in Iran through meta-analysis.

Methods: The search was carried out using authentic Persian and English keywords in national and international databases including IranMedex, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and Google Scholar search engine without any time limitation until 2017. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I 2 index. Data were analyzed using STATA ver 11.

Results: In 35 reviewed studies with a sample of 39,621 subjects, the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients was 35% (95% CI: 29%-41%) (25% in women and 18% in men). The prevalence of systolic hypertension in renal patients was 5%, diastolic hypertension 26%, and diabetes 23%. The prevalence of hypertension in hemodialysis patients was 34%, 27% in peritoneal dialysis, 43% in kidney transplantation, and 26% in chronic renal failure. In addition, meta-regression showed that the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients did not significantly decrease during the years 1988-2017.

Conclusions: More than a third of kidney patients in Iran suffer from high blood pressure. The diastolic blood pressure of these patients is about five times higher than their systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the age group under 30 is a high-risk group. The prevalence of hypertension in women with kidney disease is higher than in men. In addition, patients who have kidney transplants are more likely to have high blood pressure than other kidney patients.

Keywords: Hypertension; Iran; kidney disease; meta-analysis; renal disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of hypertension in renal patients in Iran with a 95% confidence interval based on the author's name and year of research according to the random effects model. The midpoint of each section shows the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients in each study. The lozenge shows the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients in Iran for all studies
Diagram 1
Diagram 1
Flowchart of studies to the systematic review and meta-analysis
Figure 2
Figure 2
Sensitivity analysis
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship between high prevalence of hypertension in renal patients in Iran and the sample size using meta-regression
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relationship between the prevalence of hypertension in renal patients in Iran and the year of research using meta-regression
Figure 5
Figure 5
Meta-bias
Figure 6
Figure 6
Beggs test and Eggers test to examine the significance of bias
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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