The burden of influenza in older adults: meeting the challenge

doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01279-3

. 2021 Mar;33(3):711-717.

doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01279-3. Epub 2019 Jul 26.

The burden of influenza in older adults: meeting the challenge

Jessica Bartoszko¹, Mark Loeb²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
² Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada. loebm@mcmaster.ca.

PMID: 31347085
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01279-3

The burden of influenza in older adults: meeting the challenge

Jessica Bartoszko et al. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021 Mar.

. 2021 Mar;33(3):711-717.

doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01279-3. Epub 2019 Jul 26.

Authors

Jessica Bartoszko¹, Mark Loeb²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
² Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada. loebm@mcmaster.ca.

PMID: 31347085
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01279-3

Abstract

Influenza is an acute respiratory infection for which vaccination is our best prevention strategy. Small seasonal changes in circulating influenza viruses (antigenic drift) result in the need for annual influenza vaccination, in which the vaccine formulation is updated to better match the predominant circulating influenza viruses that have undergone important antigenic changes. Although the burden of influenza infection and its complications is the highest in older adults, vaccine effectiveness is the lowest in this vulnerable population. This is largely due to waning of the immune response with age known as "immune senescence", and presents an important, unmet challenge. Possible strategies to tackle this include adjuvant and high-dose vaccines, and herd immunity induced by greater vaccine uptake.

Keywords: Herd immunity; Infection; Influenza; Vaccination; Vaccine effectiveness; Vaccine efficacy.

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References

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[1] Cox RJ, Brokstad KA, Ogra P (2004) Influenza virus: immunity and vaccination strategies. Comparison of the immune response to inactivated and live, attenuated influenza vaccines. Scand J Immunol 59:1–15 - PubMed

[2] Cox RJ, Brokstad KA, Ogra P (2004) Influenza virus: immunity and vaccination strategies. Comparison of the immune response to inactivated and live, attenuated influenza vaccines. Scand J Immunol 59:1–15 - PubMed

[3] Moorthy M, Castronovo D, Abraham A et al (2012) Deviations in influenza seasonality: odd coincidence or obscure consequence? Clin Microbiol Infect 18:955–962 - PubMed - PMC

[4] Moorthy M, Castronovo D, Abraham A et al (2012) Deviations in influenza seasonality: odd coincidence or obscure consequence? Clin Microbiol Infect 18:955–962 - PubMed - PMC

[5] Jennings L, Huang QS, Barr I et al (2018) Literature review of the epidemiology of influenza B disease in 15 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 12:383–411 - PubMed - PMC

[6] Jennings L, Huang QS, Barr I et al (2018) Literature review of the epidemiology of influenza B disease in 15 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 12:383–411 - PubMed - PMC

[7] Cowling BJ, Caini S, Chotpitayasunondh T et al (2017) Influenza in the Asia-Pacific region: findings and recommendations from the global influenza initiative. Vaccine 35:856–864 - PubMed

[8] Cowling BJ, Caini S, Chotpitayasunondh T et al (2017) Influenza in the Asia-Pacific region: findings and recommendations from the global influenza initiative. Vaccine 35:856–864 - PubMed

[9] Jennings LC (2013) Influenza vaccines: an Asia-Pacific perspective. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 7:44–51 - PubMed - PMC

[10] Jennings LC (2013) Influenza vaccines: an Asia-Pacific perspective. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 7:44–51 - PubMed - PMC

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The burden of influenza in older adults: meeting the challenge

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The burden of influenza in older adults: meeting the challenge

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