Do Astrocytes Play a Role in Intellectual Disabilities?

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.011

Review

. 2019 Aug;42(8):518-527.

doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.011. Epub 2019 Jul 9.

Do Astrocytes Play a Role in Intellectual Disabilities?

Noémie Cresto¹, Laure-Elise Pillet², Pierre Billuart³, Nathalie Rouach⁴

Affiliations

¹ Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France.
² Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France; Doctoral School N°562, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75006, France.
³ Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France. Electronic address: pierre.billuart@inserm.fr.
⁴ Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: nathalie.rouach@college-de-france.fr.

PMID: 31300246
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.011

Review

Do Astrocytes Play a Role in Intellectual Disabilities?

Noémie Cresto et al. Trends Neurosci. 2019 Aug.

. 2019 Aug;42(8):518-527.

doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.011. Epub 2019 Jul 9.

Authors

Noémie Cresto¹, Laure-Elise Pillet², Pierre Billuart³, Nathalie Rouach⁴

Affiliations

¹ Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France.
² Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France; Doctoral School N°562, Paris Descartes University, Paris 75006, France.
³ Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France. Electronic address: pierre.billuart@inserm.fr.
⁴ Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: nathalie.rouach@college-de-france.fr.

PMID: 31300246
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.011

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders, including those involving intellectual disability, are characterized by abnormalities in formation and functions of synaptic circuits. Traditionally, research on synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission in health and disease focused on neurons, however, a growing number of studies have highlighted the role of astrocytes in this context. Tight structural and functional interactions of astrocytes and synapses indeed play important roles in brain functions, and the repertoire of astroglial regulations of synaptic circuits is large and complex. Recently, genetic studies of intellectual disabilities have underscored potential contributions of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Here we review how alterations of astrocyte functions in disease may interfere with neuronal excitability and the balance of excitatory and inhibitory transmission during development, and contribute to intellectual disabilities.

Keywords: Down syndrome; Rett syndrome; astrocytes; fragile X syndrome; intellectual disability; tripartite synapse.

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Do Astrocytes Play a Role in Intellectual Disabilities?

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Do Astrocytes Play a Role in Intellectual Disabilities?

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