Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching and Calcification in Aortic Aneurysm Formation
- PMID: 31144989
- DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.312787
Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching and Calcification in Aortic Aneurysm Formation
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease whereby the ECM (extracellular matrix) of a blood vessel degenerates, leading to dilation and eventually vessel wall rupture. Recently, it was shown that calcification of the vessel wall is involved in both the initiation and progression of aneurysms. Changes in aortic wall structure that lead to aneurysm formation and vascular calcification are actively mediated by vascular smooth muscle cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells in a healthy vessel wall are termed contractile as they maintain vascular tone and remain quiescent. However, in pathological conditions they can dedifferentiate into a synthetic phenotype, whereby they secrete extracellular vesicles, proliferate, and migrate to repair injury. This process is called phenotypic switching and is often the first step in vascular pathology. Additionally, healthy vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize VKDPs (vitamin K-dependent proteins), which are involved in inhibition of vascular calcification. The metabolism of these proteins is known to be disrupted in vascular pathologies. In this review, we summarize the current literature on vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and vascular calcification in relation to aneurysm. Moreover, we address the role of vitamin K and VKDPs that are involved in vascular calcification and aneurysm. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
Keywords: aortic aneurysm; blood vessels; extracellular matrix; phenotypic switching; vascular calcification; vascular smooth muscle cell; vitamin K.
Similar articles
-
Reactive Oxygen-Forming Nox5 Links Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching and Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification.Circ Res. 2020 Sep 11;127(7):911-927. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.316159. Epub 2020 Jun 22. Circ Res. 2020. PMID: 32564697
-
Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic changes in patients with Marfan syndrome.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015 Apr;35(4):960-72. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304412. Epub 2015 Jan 15. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015. PMID: 25593132
-
Large Vessel Cell Heterogeneity and Plasticity: Focus in Aortic Aneurysms.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2022 Jul;42(7):811-818. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.316237. Epub 2022 May 19. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2022. PMID: 35587695 Review.
-
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Phenotypic Switching in Cardiovascular Diseases.Cells. 2022 Dec 15;11(24):4060. doi: 10.3390/cells11244060. Cells. 2022. PMID: 36552822 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The role of vascular smooth muscle cells in the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections.Eur J Clin Invest. 2022 Apr;52(4):e13697. doi: 10.1111/eci.13697. Epub 2021 Nov 21. Eur J Clin Invest. 2022. PMID: 34698377 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
The Dual Role of Vitamin K2 in "Bone-Vascular Crosstalk": Opposite Effects on Bone Loss and Vascular Calcification.Nutrients. 2021 Apr 7;13(4):1222. doi: 10.3390/nu13041222. Nutrients. 2021. PMID: 33917175 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Pseudo-obstruction-inducing ACTG2R257C alters actin organization and function.JCI Insight. 2020 Aug 20;5(16):e140604. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.140604. JCI Insight. 2020. PMID: 32814715 Free PMC article.
-
Prognostic implications of thyroid hormones in acute aortic dissection: mediating roles of renal function and coagulation.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Aug 2;15:1387845. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1387845. eCollection 2024. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024. PMID: 39157680 Free PMC article.
-
Augmentation Index in Patients with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: A Matched Case-Control Study.J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2022 Dec 23;10(1):6. doi: 10.3390/jcdd10010006. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2022. PMID: 36661901 Free PMC article.
-
Exploring the Correlation and Protective Role of Diabetes Mellitus in Aortic Aneurysm Disease.Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Nov 8;8:769343. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.769343. eCollection 2021. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021. PMID: 34820431 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical