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Review
. 2019 Dec;234(12):21732-21745.
doi: 10.1002/jcp.28894. Epub 2019 May 29.

Cardioprotective role of extracellular vesicles: A highlight on exosome beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases

Jafar Rezaie  1 , Reza Rahbarghazi  2   3 , Milad Pezeshki  4 , Mahdi Mazhar  5 , Farshid Yekani  6 , Majid Khaksar  2 , Elhameh Shokrollahi  2 , Hassan Amini  7 , Shahriar Hashemzadeh  7 , Sadiye Emel Sokullu  8 , Mehmet Tokac  9
Affiliations
Review

Cardioprotective role of extracellular vesicles: A highlight on exosome beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases

Jafar Rezaie et al. J Cell Physiol. 2019 Dec.

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles, released from many cell types including cardiac cells, have recently emerged as intercellular communication tools in cell dynamics. EVs are an important mediator of signaling within cells that influencing the functional behavior of the target cells. In heart complex, cardiac cells can easily use EVs to transport bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs to the regulation of neighboring cell function. Cross-talk between intracardiac cells plays pivotal roles in the heart homeostasis and in adaptive responses of the heart to stress. EVs were released by cardiomyocytes under baseline conditions, but stress condition such as hypoxia intensifies secretome capacity. EVs secreted by cardiac progenitor cells and cardiosphere-derived cells could be pinpointed as important mediators of cardioprotection and cardiogenesis. Furthermore, EVs from many different types of stem cells could potentially exert a therapeutic effect on the damaged heart. Recent evidence shows that cardiac-derived EVs are rich in microRNAs, suggesting a key role in the controlling of cellular processes. EVs harboring exosomes may be clinically useful in cell-free therapy approaches and potentially act as prognosis and diagnosis biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: cardiac cells; cardiovascular disease; exosomes; extracellular vesicles.

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