Application of fungal fluorescent staining in oral candidiasis: diagnostic analysis of 228 specimens

doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1467-x

Comparative Study

. 2019 May 14;19(1):96.

doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1467-x.

Application of fungal fluorescent staining in oral candidiasis: diagnostic analysis of 228 specimens

Yilin Yao^{1

2

3}, Linjun Shi^{1

2

3}, Chunye Zhang^{2

3

4}, Hong Sun⁵, Lan Wu^{6

7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
³ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁵ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁶ Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. teana_wu@sina.com.
⁷ National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China. teana_wu@sina.com.
⁸ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China. teana_wu@sina.com.

PMID: 31088370
PMCID: PMC6518640
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1467-x

Comparative Study

Application of fungal fluorescent staining in oral candidiasis: diagnostic analysis of 228 specimens

Yilin Yao et al. BMC Microbiol. 2019.

. 2019 May 14;19(1):96.

doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1467-x.

Authors

Yilin Yao^{1

2

3}, Linjun Shi^{1

2

3}, Chunye Zhang^{2

3

4}, Hong Sun⁵, Lan Wu^{6

7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
³ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁵ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁶ Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. teana_wu@sina.com.
⁷ National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China. teana_wu@sina.com.
⁸ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China. teana_wu@sina.com.

PMID: 31088370
PMCID: PMC6518640
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1467-x

Abstract

Background: Several conventional methods, including fungal culture and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent staining, have been used to diagnose oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel method, fungal fluorescent staining, in relation to conventional protocols in the diagnosis of oral candidiasis.

Methods: We collected 106 oral swabs and 122 oral biopsy tissues from patients highly suspected with oral candidiasis. We applied fungal culture and periodic acid-Schiff reagent staining as the gold standard diagnostic tools. The efficacy of these methods in determining the presence of Candida was compared with that of fluorescent staining.

Results: In the majority of specimens subjected to fluorescent staining, fungal organisms were distinguished by blue fluorescence surrounding their tubular or annular shapes. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the fluorescent staining method were 82.7, 93.5, 76.7, 96.8 and 69.1% in oral swabs and 90.0, 92.9, 82.9, 96.0 and 82.9% in oral biopsy tissues, respectively.

Conclusions: Fungal fluorescent staining represents a rapid method for detection of Candida, supporting its potential utility as an effective early diagnostic tool for oral candidiasis.

Keywords: Fungal culture; Fungal fluorescent staining; Oral candidiasis; Periodic acid-Schiff reagent staining.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by Institutional Ethical Committee, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SH9H-2019-T35-1). Written informed consent was obtained from each participant after the investigator had explained the nature of the study.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
a Clinical manifestation of highly suspected oral candidiasis. b Presence of *Candida* colonies in the culture-positive case. c Fungal hyphae surrounded by strong blue fluorescence under fluorescence microscopy (× 40)

**Fig. 2**
a A case of highly suspected oral candidiasis via HE staining under light microscopy (× 40). b Fungal organism (white arrows) on PAS of same specimen (×40). c Fungal organisms from the same section as B distinguishable via fluorescence microscopy as tubular or tubulo-annular structures (white arrows) with a thin rim of bright blue fluorescence (× 40)

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Cited by

Innovative Biosensing Approaches for Swift Identification of Candida Species, Intrusive Pathogenic Organisms.
Lorenzo-Villegas DL, Gohil NV, Lamo P, Gurajala S, Bagiu IC, Vulcanescu DD, Horhat FG, Sorop VB, Diaconu M, Sorop MI, Oprisoni A, Horhat RM, Susan M, MohanaSundaram A. Lorenzo-Villegas DL, et al. Life (Basel). 2023 Oct 22;13(10):2099. doi: 10.3390/life13102099. Life (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37895480 Free PMC article. Review.
The Utility of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) in the Management of Patients With Bronchiectasis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 93 Cases.
Zhang H, Shen D, Zhou J, Yang Q, Ying Y, Li N, Cao L, Wang W, Ma X. Zhang H, et al. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023 Aug 10;10(8):ofad425. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad425. eCollection 2023 Aug. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023. PMID: 37663088 Free PMC article.
Diagnostic yield of calcofluor white in the identification of Candida albicans in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Chinnasamy A, Ramalingam K, Nayak S, Rai V, Gopinath V, Chawla G. Chinnasamy A, et al. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2022 Jul-Sep;26(3):366-369. doi: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_302_22. Epub 2022 Oct 17. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2022. PMID: 36588858 Free PMC article.
Applications of Laser-Induced Fluorescence in Medicine.
Kwaśny M, Bombalska A. Kwaśny M, et al. Sensors (Basel). 2022 Apr 12;22(8):2956. doi: 10.3390/s22082956. Sensors (Basel). 2022. PMID: 35458942 Free PMC article.
Fluorescent toys 'n' tools lighting the way in fungal research.
Van Genechten W, Van Dijck P, Demuyser L. Van Genechten W, et al. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2021 Sep 8;45(5):fuab013. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuab013. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2021. PMID: 33595628 Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Coronado CL, Jimenez SY. Clinical and microbiological diagnosis of oral candidiasis. J Clin Exp Dent. 2013;5(5):279–286. doi: 10.4317/jced.51242. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Reichart PA, Samaranayake LP, Philipsen HP. Pathology and clinical correlates in oral candidiasis and its variants: a review. Oral Dis. 2000;6(2):85–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00106.x. - DOI - PubMed
1. Millsop JW, Fazel N. Oral candidiasis. Clin Dermatol. 2016;34(4):487–494. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.022. - DOI - PubMed
1. Cuenca EM, Verweij PE, Arendrup MC, Arikan-Akdagli S, Bille J, Donnelly JP, Jensen HE, Lass-Floerl C, Richardson MD, Akova M, et al. ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: diagnostic procedures. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:9–18. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12038. - DOI - PubMed
1. Okamoto MR, Kamoi M, Yamachika S, Tsurumoto A, Imamura T, Yamamoto K, Kadomatsu S, Saito I, Maeda N, Nakagawa Y. Efficacy of Fungiflora Y staining for the diagnosis of oral erythematous candidiasis. Gerodontology. 2013;30(3):220–225. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00668.x. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

Actions
Actions
Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Substances

Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

[1] Coronado CL, Jimenez SY. Clinical and microbiological diagnosis of oral candidiasis. J Clin Exp Dent. 2013;5(5):279–286. doi: 10.4317/jced.51242. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Coronado CL, Jimenez SY. Clinical and microbiological diagnosis of oral candidiasis. J Clin Exp Dent. 2013;5(5):279–286. doi: 10.4317/jced.51242. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Reichart PA, Samaranayake LP, Philipsen HP. Pathology and clinical correlates in oral candidiasis and its variants: a review. Oral Dis. 2000;6(2):85–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00106.x. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Reichart PA, Samaranayake LP, Philipsen HP. Pathology and clinical correlates in oral candidiasis and its variants: a review. Oral Dis. 2000;6(2):85–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00106.x. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Millsop JW, Fazel N. Oral candidiasis. Clin Dermatol. 2016;34(4):487–494. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.022. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Millsop JW, Fazel N. Oral candidiasis. Clin Dermatol. 2016;34(4):487–494. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.022. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Cuenca EM, Verweij PE, Arendrup MC, Arikan-Akdagli S, Bille J, Donnelly JP, Jensen HE, Lass-Floerl C, Richardson MD, Akova M, et al. ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: diagnostic procedures. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:9–18. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12038. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Cuenca EM, Verweij PE, Arendrup MC, Arikan-Akdagli S, Bille J, Donnelly JP, Jensen HE, Lass-Floerl C, Richardson MD, Akova M, et al. ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: diagnostic procedures. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:9–18. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12038. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Okamoto MR, Kamoi M, Yamachika S, Tsurumoto A, Imamura T, Yamamoto K, Kadomatsu S, Saito I, Maeda N, Nakagawa Y. Efficacy of Fungiflora Y staining for the diagnosis of oral erythematous candidiasis. Gerodontology. 2013;30(3):220–225. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00668.x. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Okamoto MR, Kamoi M, Yamachika S, Tsurumoto A, Imamura T, Yamamoto K, Kadomatsu S, Saito I, Maeda N, Nakagawa Y. Efficacy of Fungiflora Y staining for the diagnosis of oral erythematous candidiasis. Gerodontology. 2013;30(3):220–225. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00668.x. - DOI - PubMed

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Application of fungal fluorescent staining in oral candidiasis: diagnostic analysis of 228 specimens

Affiliations

Application of fungal fluorescent staining in oral candidiasis: diagnostic analysis of 228 specimens

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Consent for publication

Competing interests

Publisher’s Note

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Consent for publication

Competing interests

Publisher’s Note

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Related information

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources