Porcine Torovirus (PToV)-A Brief Review of Etiology, Diagnostic Assays and Current Epidemiology

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00120

Review

. 2019 Apr 18:6:120.

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00120. eCollection 2019.

Porcine Torovirus (PToV)-A Brief Review of Etiology, Diagnostic Assays and Current Epidemiology

Zhang-Min Hu¹, Yong-Le Yang¹, Ling-Dong Xu¹, Bin Wang¹, Pan Qin¹, Yao-Wei Huang¹

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

PMID: 31058174
PMCID: PMC6482245
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00120

Review

Porcine Torovirus (PToV)-A Brief Review of Etiology, Diagnostic Assays and Current Epidemiology

Zhang-Min Hu et al. Front Vet Sci. 2019.

. 2019 Apr 18:6:120.

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00120. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Zhang-Min Hu¹, Yong-Le Yang¹, Ling-Dong Xu¹, Bin Wang¹, Pan Qin¹, Yao-Wei Huang¹

Affiliation

¹ Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

PMID: 31058174
PMCID: PMC6482245
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00120

Abstract

Porcine torovirus (PToV) is a potential enteric swine pathogen, found at especially high rates in piglets with diarrhea. It was first reported in the Netherlands in 1998 and has emerged in many countries around the world. Infections are generally asymptomatic and have not directly caused large economic losses, though co-infections with other swine pathogens and intertype recombination may lead to unpredictable outcomes. This review introduces progress in PToV research regarding its discovery, relationship with other Toroviruses, virion morphological characteristics, genetic structure and variation, recent epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and possibilities for future research.

Keywords: diagnostic assays; epidemiology; etiology; porcine torovirus; recombination.

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Figures

**Figure 1**
Genome structure of PToV strain SH1 (GenBank accession no. JQ860350). The ORFs encoding the replicase polyproteins (ORF1a and ORF1b) and structural proteins spike (S), membrane (M), hemagglutinin-esterase (HE), and nucleocapsid (N) are indicated.

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References

1. Weiss M, Steck F, Horzinek MC. Purification and partial characterization of a new enveloped RNA virus (Berne virus). J General Virol. (1983) 64 (Pt 9):1849–58. 10.1099/0022-1317-64-9-1849 - DOI - PubMed
1. Woode GN, Reed DE, Runnels PL, Herrig MA, Hill HT. Studies with an unclassified virus isolated from diarrheic calves. Vet Microbiol. (1982) 7:221–40. 10.1016/0378-1135(82)90036-0 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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1. Kroneman A, Cornelissen LA, Horzinek MC, de Groot RJ, Egberink HF. Identification and characterization of a porcine torovirus. J Virol. (1998) 72:3507–11. - PMC - PubMed
1. Weiss M, Steck F, Kaderli R, Horzinek MC. Antibodies to Berne virus in horses and other animals. Vet Microbiol. (1984) 9:523–31. 10.1016/0378-1135(84)90014-2 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Weiss M, Steck F, Horzinek MC. Purification and partial characterization of a new enveloped RNA virus (Berne virus). J General Virol. (1983) 64 (Pt 9):1849–58. 10.1099/0022-1317-64-9-1849 - DOI - PubMed

[2] Weiss M, Steck F, Horzinek MC. Purification and partial characterization of a new enveloped RNA virus (Berne virus). J General Virol. (1983) 64 (Pt 9):1849–58. 10.1099/0022-1317-64-9-1849 - DOI - PubMed

[3] Woode GN, Reed DE, Runnels PL, Herrig MA, Hill HT. Studies with an unclassified virus isolated from diarrheic calves. Vet Microbiol. (1982) 7:221–40. 10.1016/0378-1135(82)90036-0 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Woode GN, Reed DE, Runnels PL, Herrig MA, Hill HT. Studies with an unclassified virus isolated from diarrheic calves. Vet Microbiol. (1982) 7:221–40. 10.1016/0378-1135(82)90036-0 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Beards GM, Hall C, Green J, Flewett TH, Lamouliatte F, Du Pasquier P. An enveloped virus in stools of children and adults with gastroenteritis that resembles the Breda virus of calves. Lancet. (1984) 1:1050–2. 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91454-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Beards GM, Hall C, Green J, Flewett TH, Lamouliatte F, Du Pasquier P. An enveloped virus in stools of children and adults with gastroenteritis that resembles the Breda virus of calves. Lancet. (1984) 1:1050–2. 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91454-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Kroneman A, Cornelissen LA, Horzinek MC, de Groot RJ, Egberink HF. Identification and characterization of a porcine torovirus. J Virol. (1998) 72:3507–11. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Kroneman A, Cornelissen LA, Horzinek MC, de Groot RJ, Egberink HF. Identification and characterization of a porcine torovirus. J Virol. (1998) 72:3507–11. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Weiss M, Steck F, Kaderli R, Horzinek MC. Antibodies to Berne virus in horses and other animals. Vet Microbiol. (1984) 9:523–31. 10.1016/0378-1135(84)90014-2 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Weiss M, Steck F, Kaderli R, Horzinek MC. Antibodies to Berne virus in horses and other animals. Vet Microbiol. (1984) 9:523–31. 10.1016/0378-1135(84)90014-2 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Porcine Torovirus (PToV)-A Brief Review of Etiology, Diagnostic Assays and Current Epidemiology

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Porcine Torovirus (PToV)-A Brief Review of Etiology, Diagnostic Assays and Current Epidemiology

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