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Review
. 2019 Jan 30;10(4):810-818.
doi: 10.7150/jca.30300. eCollection 2019.

Scar tissue to lung cancer; pathways and treatment

Konstantinos Sapalidis  1 , Chrysanthi Sardeli  2 , Efstathios Pavlidis  1 , Georgios Koimtzis  1 , Charilaos Koulouris  1 , Nikolaos Michalopoulos  1 , Stylianos Mantalovas  1 , Theodora Tsiouda  1 , Ioannis Passos  1 , Christoforos Kosmidis  1 , Dimitrios Giannakidis  1 , Valeriu Surlin  1 , Athanasios Katsaounis  1 , Vyron Alexandrou  1 , Aikaterini Amaniti  3 , Paul Zarogoulidis  1   2 , Haidong Huang  4 , Qiang Li  4 , Stelian Mogoanta  5 , Isaac Kesisoglou  1
Affiliations
Review

Scar tissue to lung cancer; pathways and treatment

Konstantinos Sapalidis et al. J Cancer. .

Abstract

Lung cancer still remains diagnosed at a late stage although we have novel diagnostic techniques at our disposal. However; for metastatic disease we have novel therapies based on pharmacogenomics. Tumor heterogenity provides us different treatments. There are several reasons for carcinogenesis; fibrosis and scar tissue provides an environment that induces malignancy. In the current review we will try and elucidate the pathways involved from scar tissue to carcinogenesis.

Keywords: fibrosis; interstitial disease; lung cancer; pathways; scar tissue.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mechanisms and concept of fibrosis and tumorigenesis; interleukins IL-4,5,8; Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α,β;
Figure 2
Figure 2
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Tumor Growth Factor (TGF-β), Nitric Oxide (NO), Surfactant protein 1 (SFTPA1), Surfactant protein 2 (SFTPA2), and tumor protein p53 (p53)
Figure 3
Figure 3
TGF-β; tumor growth factor-beta, ΜAPK/ERK; Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell, PI3K/AKT; PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway important in regulating the cell cycle.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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