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. 2019 Feb 28;13(2):e0007203.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007203. eCollection 2019 Feb.

Efficacy of novel indoor residual spraying methods targeting pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti within experimental houses

Mike W Dunbar  1 , Fabian Correa-Morales  2 , Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla  2 , Anuar Medina-Barreiro  3 , Wilbert Bibiano-Marín  3 , Evaristo Morales-Ríos  3 , José Vadillo-Sánchez  2 , Beatriz López-Monroy  4 , Scott A Ritchie  5 , Audrey Lenhart  6 , Pablo Manrique-Saide  3 , Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec  1
Affiliations

Efficacy of novel indoor residual spraying methods targeting pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti within experimental houses

Mike W Dunbar et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Abstract

Challenges in maintaining high effectiveness of classic vector control in urban areas has renewed the interest in indoor residual spraying (IRS) as a promising approach for Aedes-borne disease prevention. While IRS has many benefits, application time and intrusive indoor applications make its scalability in urban areas difficult. Modifying IRS to account for Ae. aegypti resting behavior, named targeted IRS (TIRS, spraying walls below 1.5 m and under furniture) can reduce application time; however, an untested assumption is that modifications to IRS will not negatively impact entomological efficacy. We conducted a comparative experimental study evaluating the residual efficacy of classically-applied IRS (as developed for malaria control) compared to two TIRS application methods using a carbamate insecticide against a pyrethroid-resistant, field-derived Ae. aegypti strain. We performed our study within a novel experimental house setting (n = 9 houses) located in Merida (Mexico), with similar layouts and standardized contents. Classic IRS application (insecticide applied to full walls and under furniture) was compared to: a) TIRS: insecticide applied to walls below 1.5 m and under furniture, and b) Resting Site TIRS (RS-TIRS): insecticide applied only under furniture. Mosquito mortality was measured eight times post-application (out to six months post-application) by releasing 100 Ae. aegypti females /house and collecting live and dead individuals after 24 hrs exposure. Compared to Classic IRS, TIRS and RS-TIRS took less time to apply (31% and 82% reduction, respectively) and used less insecticide (38% and 85% reduction, respectively). Mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti did not significantly differ among the three IRS application methods up to two months post application, and did not significantly differ between Classic IRS and TIRS up to four months post application. These data illustrate that optimizing IRS to more efficiently target Ae. aegypti can both reduce application time and insecticide volume with no apparent reduction in entomological efficacy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Layout of experimental houses.
(A) General layout, (B) setup of bedrooms, (C) exterior entrance, and (D) living room and double-screened entrance of experimental houses.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti by IRS application method using bendiocarb over time.
Symbols denote sample means and error bars are the standard error of the mean. Letters denote significant differences among IRS application methods within sample date.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Publication types

Grants and funding

This project received support from Emory Global Health Institute and Marcus Foundation (project #00052002), Emory Global Health Institute Seed Grant (project) the Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC: OADS BAA 2016-N- 17844) and Mexico’s CONACYT (Project # 000000000255141). SAR is funded by National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Research Fellowship 1044698. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.