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. 2019 Feb 13;9(1):1963.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37898-5.

Novel Insights reveal Anti-microbial Gene Regulation of Piglet Intestine Immune in response to Clostridium perfringens Infection

Xiao Yu Huang  1 , Wen Yang Sun  1 , Zun Qiang Yan  1 , Hai Ren Shi  1 , Qiao Li Yang  1 , Peng Fei Wang  1 , Sheng Gui Li  1 , Li Xia Liu  2 , Sheng Guo Zhao  1 , Shuang Bao Gun  3   4
Affiliations

Novel Insights reveal Anti-microbial Gene Regulation of Piglet Intestine Immune in response to Clostridium perfringens Infection

Xiao Yu Huang et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

LncRNA play important roles in regulation of host immune and inflammation responses in defending bacterial infection. Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C is one of primary bacteria leading to piglet diarrhea and other intestinal inflammatory diseases. For the differences of host immune capacity, individuals usually show resistance and susceptibility to bacterial infection. However, whether and how lncRNAs involved in modulating host immune resistance have not been reported. We have investigated the expression patterns of ileum lncRNAs of 7-day-old piglets infected by C. perfringens type C through RNA sequencing. A total of 16 lncRNAs and 126 mRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in resistance (IR) and susceptibility (IS) groups. Many lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified to regulate resistance and susceptibility of piglets through immune related pathways. Five lncRNAs may have potential function on regulating the expressions of cytokines, these lncRNAs and cytokines work together to co-regulated piglet immune response to C. perfringens, affecting host resistance and susceptibility. These results provide valuable information for understanding the functions of lncRNA and mRNA in affecting piglet diarrhea resistance of defensing to C. perfringens type C, these lncRNAs and mRNAs may be used as the important biomarkers for decreasing C. perfringens spread and diseases in human and piglets.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of body weight and organs index of piglets in IR, IS and IC groups after C. perfringens type C infection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNA of piglets among the IR, IS and IC groups. (A) Venn diagram analysis of differently expressed lncRNA and mRNA; (B) Volcano plot analysis of differently expressed lncRNA and mRNA. Note: (1) Abscissa represents log2 (fold-change), and ordinate represents −log10 (P value); (2) Red dots denote the significant differentially expressed up-regulation and down-regulation transcripts, respectively; (3) Blue dots denote no differentially expressed transcripts.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The secondary structures prediction of 9 screened differentially expressed lncRNAs. Note: A–O represents lncRNAs: LNC_000139, LNC_001415, LNC_000231, LNC_001186, ENSSSCT00000018610, ENSSSCT00000032859, ALDBSSCT0000004597, ALDBSSCT0000009442 and ALDBSSCT0000007865, LNC_001066 is not predicted for the length more than 10000 nt.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Functional enrichment analyses of lncRNA target genes identified in IR vs IS group. (A) GO function annotation of the screened lncRNAs target genes. The x-axis indicates the detail terms and the y-axis indicates gene numbers. (B) KEGG signaling pathways of the screened lncRNAs target genes. The x-axis indicates the gene ratio and the y-axis indicates the name of the KEGG pathway. The size of the dot indicates the number of target genes, and the color of the dot indicates different P value (Fisher’s Exact Test).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Expression level detection of 3 dysregulated lncRNAs and 5 dysregulated target mRNAs by qPCR method. Relative quantification of transcript expression was evaluated using the comparative cycle threshold (2−∆∆Ct) value method. The data were shown as mean ± SEM.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Expression levels of cytokines IL-1β, IFN-α, TNF-α and NF-κB in piglet blood after C. perfringens type C infection. The results are showed as mean ± SEM. Different asterisk above bars indicate significant differences (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).
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