Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2019 Apr;176(8):1009-1023.
doi: 10.1111/bph.14587. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Lipid mediators in immune regulation and resolution

Derek W Gilroy  1 , David Bishop-Bailey  2
Affiliations
Review

Lipid mediators in immune regulation and resolution

Derek W Gilroy et al. Br J Pharmacol. 2019 Apr.

Abstract

We are all too familiar with the events that follow a bee sting-heat, redness, swelling, and pain. These are Celsus' four cardinal signs of inflammation that are driven by very well-defined signals and hormones. In fact, targeting the factors that drive this onset phase is the basis upon which most current anti-inflammatory therapies were developed. We are also very well aware that within a few hours, these cardinal signs normally disappear. In other words, inflammation resolves. When it does not, inflammation persists, resulting in damaging chronic conditions. While inflammatory onset is actively driven, so also is its resolution-years of research have identified novel internal counter-regulatory signals that work together to switch off inflammation. Among these signals, lipids are potent signalling molecules that regulate an array of immune responses including vascular hyper reactivity and pain, as well as leukocyte trafficking and clearance, so-called resolution. Here, we collate bioactive lipid research to date and summarize the major pathways involved in their biosynthesis and their role in inflammation, as well as resolution. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cytochrome p450 metabolism of arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and their subsequent conversion by soluble epoxide hydrolase to dihydroxy‐eicosatrienoic acids
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cytochrome p450 metabolism of linoleic acid to epoxy‐octadecenoic acids (EPOMEs) and dihydroxy‐octadecenoic acids (DHOMEs)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cytochrome p450 metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to epoxide docosapentaenoic acids
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cytochrome p450 metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids
Figure 5
Figure 5
Biological properties of cytochrome p450 metabolites
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Abdulnour, R. E. , Dalli, J. , Colby, J. K. , Krishnamoorthy, N. , Timmons, J. Y. , Tan, S. H. , … Levy, B. D. (2014). Maresin 1 biosynthesis during platelet‐neutrophil interactions is organ‐protective. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, 16526–16531. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ahmadi, S. , Lippross, S. , Neuhuber, W. L. , & Zeilhofer, H. U. (2002). PGE(2) selectively blocks inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission onto rat superficial dorsal horn neurons. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 34–40. 10.1038/nn778 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alexander, S. P. H. , Christopoulos, A. , Davenport, A. P. , Kelly, E. , Marrion, N. V. , Peters, J. A. , … CGTP Collaborators . (2017). The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: G protein‐coupled receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology, 174, S17–S129. 10.1111/bph.13878 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alexander, S. P. H. , Cidlowski, J. A. , Kelly, E. , Marrion, N. V. , Peters, J. A. , Faccenda, E. , … CGTP Collaborators . (2017). The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Nuclear hormone receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology, 174, S208–S224. 10.1111/bph.13880 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alexander, S. P. H. , Striessnig, J. , Kelly, E. , Marrion, N. V. , Peters, J. A. , Faccenda, E. , … CGTP Collaborators (2017). The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Voltage‐gated ion channels. British Journal of Pharmacology, 174, S160–S194. 10.1111/bph.13884 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Substances