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Meta-Analysis
. 2018 Dec 5;12(12):CD009461.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009461.pub4.

Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities

Jan Bosteels  1 , Steffi van Wessel, Steven Weyers, Frank J Broekmans, Thomas M D'Hooghe, M Y Bongers, Ben Willem J Mol
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Hysteroscopy for treating subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities

Jan Bosteels et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Observational studies suggest higher pregnancy rates after the hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps, submucous fibroids, uterine septum or intrauterine adhesions, which are present in 10% to 15% of women seeking treatment for subfertility.

Objectives: To assess the effects of the hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps, submucous fibroids, uterine septum or intrauterine adhesions suspected on ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, diagnostic hysteroscopy or any combination of these methods in women with otherwise unexplained subfertility or prior to intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Search methods: We searched the following databases from their inception to 16 April 2018; The Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Studies Online, ; MEDLINE, Embase , CINAHL , and other electronic sources of trials including trial registers, sources of unpublished literature, and reference lists. We handsearched the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) conference abstracts and proceedings (from 1 January 2014 to 12 May 2018) and we contacted experts in the field.

Selection criteria: Randomised comparison between operative hysteroscopy versus control for unexplained subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities.Randomised comparison between operative hysteroscopy versus control for suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities prior to medically assisted reproduction.Primary outcomes were live birth and hysteroscopy complications. Secondary outcomes were pregnancy and miscarriage.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion and risk of bias, and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information.

Main results: Two studies met the inclusion criteria.1. Randomised comparison between operative hysteroscopy versus control for unexplained subfertility associated with suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities.In women with otherwise unexplained subfertility and submucous fibroids, we were uncertain whether hysteroscopic myomectomy improved the clinical pregnancy rate compared to expectant management (odds ratio (OR) 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97 to 6.17; P = 0.06, 94 women; very low-quality evidence). We are uncertain whether hysteroscopic myomectomy improves the miscarriage rate compared to expectant management (OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.47 to 5.00; P = 0.47, 94 women; very low-quality evidence). We found no data on live birth or hysteroscopy complication rates. We found no studies in women with endometrial polyps, intrauterine adhesions or uterine septum for this randomised comparison.2. Randomised comparison between operative hysteroscopy versus control for suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities prior to medically assisted reproduction.The hysteroscopic removal of polyps prior to IUI may have improved the clinical pregnancy rate compared to diagnostic hysteroscopy only: if 28% of women achieved a clinical pregnancy without polyp removal, the evidence suggested that 63% of women (95% CI 45% to 89%) achieved a clinical pregnancy after the hysteroscopic removal of the endometrial polyps (OR 4.41, 95% CI 2.45 to 7.96; P < 0.00001, 204 women; low-quality evidence). We found no data on live birth, hysteroscopy complication or miscarriage rates in women with endometrial polyps prior to IUI. We found no studies in women with submucous fibroids, intrauterine adhesions or uterine septum prior to IUI or in women with all types of suspected uterine cavity abnormalities prior to IVF/ICSI.

Authors' conclusions: Uncertainty remains concerning an important benefit with the hysteroscopic removal of submucous fibroids for improving the clinical pregnancy rates in women with otherwise unexplained subfertility. The available low-quality evidence suggests that the hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps suspected on ultrasound in women prior to IUI may improve the clinical pregnancy rate compared to simple diagnostic hysteroscopy. More research is needed to measure the effectiveness of the hysteroscopic treatment of suspected major uterine cavity abnormalities in women with unexplained subfertility or prior to IUI, IVF or ICSI.

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Conflict of interest statement

FB (principal investigator) and BWM (co‐investigator) were involved in the design and conduct of the 'inSIGHT trial' (SIGnificance of Routine Hysteroscopy Prior to a First 'in Vitro Fertilization' Treatment Cycle: NCT 01242852), which was financially supported by ZonMw, a Dutch government operated consortium responsible for granting funds in the field of clinical practice research.

Thomas D'Hooghe is paid full time by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany as Vice‐President and Head of Global Medical Affairs Fertility since October 1st 2015. He is also part time employed by KU Leuven (University of Leuven, Belgium) as Professor in Reproductive Medicine and by Yale University as Adjunct Professor Obstetrics and Gynecology. His co‐authorship on the current paper is part of his academic activity, and Merck KGaA does not have marketed products related to hysteroscopy. Professor D'Hooghe's employment by Merck is not in breach of Cochrane's Commercial Sponsorship Policy (clause 2) as he does not have a real or potential financial interest in the outcome of this review. This matter was referred to Cochrane's Funding Arbiter for advice.

FB has received monetary compensation for the following: member of the external advisory board for Merck Serono and Ferring, the Netherlands; educational activities for Ferring BV, the Netherlands; consultancy work for Gedeon Richter, Belgium; strategic co‐operation with Roche on automated anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) assay development; and research co‐operation with Ansh Labs.

BWM has received consultancy from ObsEva Geneva, Guerbet, and Merck; payment for review preparation from European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology; and travel/accommodation/meeting expenses for various non‐commercial scientific meetings.

JB, SW, SVW and MB do not have conflicts of interest for the research presented in this updated Cochrane Review.

The first published version of the present Cochrane Review has been part of a PhD thesis entitled "Studies on the effectiveness of endoscopic surgery in reproductive medicine" (dare.uva.nl/record/497164), which has been successfully defended at the faculty of Medicine of the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands on 2 September 2014 by the first author (JB).

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram: summary of searches since 2014. CR: Cochrane Review; PICO: Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SR: systematic review.
2
2
'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
3
3
'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
4
4
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Hysteroscopic myomectomy vs no surgery in women with unexplained subfertility and submucous fibroids. Outcome: 1.1 Clinical pregnancy per woman randomised.
5
5
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Hysteroscopic myomectomy vs no surgery in women with unexplained subfertility and submucous fibroids. Outcome: 1.2 Miscarriage per clinical pregnancy.
6
6
Forest plot of comparison: 2 Hysteroscopic removal of polyps vs diagnostic hysteroscopy and biopsy only prior to intrauterine insemination. Outcome: 2.1 Clinical pregnancy per woman randomised.
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References

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