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Review
. 2018 Oct 25:9:1204.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01204. eCollection 2018.

Recent Update on the Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms of Dihydromyricetin

Jingyao Zhang  1   2 , Yun Chen  2 , Huiqin Luo  1   2 , Linlin Sun  1   2 , Mengting Xu  1   2 , Jin Yu  2 , Qigang Zhou  3 , Guoliang Meng  1 , Shengju Yang  1
Affiliations
Review

Recent Update on the Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms of Dihydromyricetin

Jingyao Zhang et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

As the most abundant natural flavonoid in rattan tea, dihydromyricetin (DMY) has shown a wide range of pharmacological effects. In addition to the general characteristics of flavonoids, DMY has the effects of cardioprotection, anti-diabetes, hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, anti-tumor, and dermatoprotection. DMY was also applied for the treatment of bacterial infection, osteoporosis, asthma, kidney injury, nephrotoxicity and so on. These effects to some extent enrich the understanding about the role of DMY in disease prevention and therapy. However, to date, we still have no outlined knowledge about the detailed mechanism of DMY, which might be related to anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. And the detailed mechanisms may be associated with several different molecules involved in cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and so on. Here, we summarized the current pharmacological developments of DMY as well as possible mechanisms, aiming to push the understanding about the protective role of DMY as well as its preclinical assessment of novel application.

Keywords: apoptosis; cardioprotection; dihydromyricetin; hepatoprotection; neuroprotection; oxidative stress.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Chemical structure of dihydromyricetin (DMY).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Different pharmacological effects of DMY. DMY exhibits powerful cardioprotection on atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, myocardial remodeling, adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity, arrhythmia, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). DMY protects against liver I/R injury, chemical liver injury, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic insulin resistance and acute liver failure. DMY has been shown to protect against Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), depressive disorder, hypoxia injury and fetal alcohol exposure induced brain injury. DMY is also indicated to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and gastric cancer. DMY is beneficial for skin depigmenting, melanoma and UVA-induced skin damage. And DMY was applied for the treatment of anti-bacterial infection, osteoporosis, asthma, kidney injury, nephrotoxicity and so on.
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