Progress of immune checkpoint therapy in the clinic (Review)

doi:10.3892/or.2018.6819

Review

. 2019 Jan;41(1):3-14.

doi: 10.3892/or.2018.6819. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Progress of immune checkpoint therapy in the clinic (Review)

Yiqun Fan¹, Chi Zhang², Shengjie Jin², Zhihui Gao², Jun Cao³, Aoqing Wang⁴, Dawei Li¹, Qian Wang², Xing Sun⁵, Dousheng Bai²

Affiliations

¹ Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China.
² Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China.
³ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
⁴ Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China.
⁵ Institute of Hematology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China.

PMID: 30365127
DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6819

Review

Progress of immune checkpoint therapy in the clinic (Review)

Yiqun Fan et al. Oncol Rep. 2019 Jan.

. 2019 Jan;41(1):3-14.

doi: 10.3892/or.2018.6819. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Authors

Yiqun Fan¹, Chi Zhang², Shengjie Jin², Zhihui Gao², Jun Cao³, Aoqing Wang⁴, Dawei Li¹, Qian Wang², Xing Sun⁵, Dousheng Bai²

Affiliations

¹ Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China.
² Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China.
³ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
⁴ Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China.
⁵ Institute of Hematology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China.

PMID: 30365127
DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6819

Abstract

Cancer cells can escape antitumor immune responses by exploiting inhibitory immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoint therapy, mainly including anti‑CTLA‑4 therapy and anti‑PD‑1/PD‑L1 therapy, can enhance antitumor immune responses by blocking the inhibitory signals of the immune system. This therapy has produced clinical advances in a fraction of patients. Deeper insight into the tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoint inhibitors will improve this therapy. Here, we review immune checkpoint inhibitors that prevent tumor immune escape and recent clinical studies of immune checkpoint therapy. We also compare the efficacy of different combination immunotherapies, describe how the relationship between the gut microbiome and immune system can determine the therapeutic outcomes for immune checkpoint inhibitors and introduce several novel immune checkpoints that are potential targets for antitumor immunotherapy in the future.

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Progress of immune checkpoint therapy in the clinic (Review)

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Progress of immune checkpoint therapy in the clinic (Review)

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