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. 2018 Jun 25;11(7):1080.
doi: 10.3390/ma11071080.

Physicochemical and Microbiological Assessment of an Experimental Composite Doped with Triclosan-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes

Diana A Cunha  1 , Nara S Rodrigues  2 , Lidiane C Souza  3 , Diego Lomonaco  4   5 , Flávia P Rodrigues  6   7 , Felipe W Degrazia  8 , Fabrício M Collares  9 , Salvatore Sauro  10   11 , Vicente P A Saboia  12   13
Affiliations

Physicochemical and Microbiological Assessment of an Experimental Composite Doped with Triclosan-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes

Diana A Cunha et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of triclosan-encapsulated halloysite nanotubes (HNT/TCN) on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of an experimental dental composite. A resin composite doped with HNT/TCN (8% w/w), a control resin composite without nanotubes (HNT/TCN-0%) and a commercial nanofilled resin (CN) were assessed for degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), polymerization stress (PS), dynamic thermomechanical (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial properties (M) were also evaluated using a 5-day biofilm assay (CFU/mL). Data was submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. There was no significant statistical difference in DC, FM and RU between the tested composites (p > 0.05). The FS and CN values attained with the HNT/TCN composite were higher (p < 0.05) than those obtained with the HNT/TCN-0%. The DMA analysis showed significant differences in the TAN &delta; (p = 0.006) and Tg (p = 0) between the groups. TGA curves showed significant differences between the groups in terms of degradation (p = 0.046) and weight loss (p = 0.317). The addition of HNT/TCN induced higher PS, although no significant antimicrobial effect was observed (p = 0.977) between the groups for CFUs and (p = 0.557) dry weight. The incorporation of HNT/TCN showed improvements in physicochemical and mechanical properties of resin composites. Such material may represent an alternative choice for therapeutic restorative treatments, although no significance was found in terms of antibacterial properties. However, it is possible that current antibacterial tests, as the one used in this laboratory study, may not be totally appropriate for the evaluation of resin composites, unless accompanied with aging protocols (e.g., thermocycling and load cycling) that allow the release of therapeutic agents incorporated in such materials.

Keywords: Streptococcus mutans; mechanical properties; nanotubes; resin composite; triclosan.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) TEM image that shows the presence of TCN nanoparticles with diameter of 5–10 nm. (B) TEM image of a nanotube with its inner-surface of 40–50 nm diameter range and outer-surface of 90 nm diameter.
Figure 2
Figure 2
DMA curves of the specimens showed that the MPa, TAN δ at Tg for HNT/TCN resin composite presented a lower TAN δ at Tg when compared to the control composite containing no HNT/TCN-0%. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of HNT/TCN is higher than the other resin composite.
Figure 3
Figure 3
TGA curves of the specimens. Curve of the weight loss (%) showing that HNT/TCN resin composite presented a lower weight loss than other groups. The second curve below shows that there were two steps of degradation for each group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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