Functional analysis of the transcription control region located within the avian retroviral long terminal repeat
- PMID: 2985953
- PMCID: PMC366735
- DOI: 10.1128/mcb.5.3.438-447.1985
Functional analysis of the transcription control region located within the avian retroviral long terminal repeat
Abstract
We used several quantitative assays of in vivo transient gene expression to dissect the elements within the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (LTR) which constitute the retroviral transcription control region. Site-directed deletion mutagenesis was used to locate and define the enhancer and promoter elements within the LTR. In addition, we inserted exogenous DNA fragments into the LTR to examine the effects of position and sequence on the activity of these LTR transcriptional elements. The Rous sarcoma virus enhancer element, which we propose is located entirely within the LTR, was shown to activate both the beta-globin and retroviral LTR promoters when located in cis. We observed a striking correlation between the degree of activation and the distance between the retroviral promoter and enhancer elements. The LTR promoter element mediated the activation effect of the enhancer element, as LTR deletion mutants containing only the enhancer and TATA box region expressed little activity. The promoter region encoded a low but significant level of transcriptional activity even in the absence of an enhancer. Overall LTR transcriptional activity declined sharply with increasing distance between the LTR promoter and initiator elements. These results shed light on both the importance of the spatial arrangement of the sequence elements within this eucaryotic transcription control region and on the functional interrelationship between these elements.
Similar articles
-
Transcriptional activity of avian retroviral long terminal repeats directly correlates with enhancer activity.J Virol. 1985 Feb;53(2):515-21. doi: 10.1128/JVI.53.2.515-521.1985. J Virol. 1985. PMID: 2982034 Free PMC article.
-
Role of the transcription start site core region and transcription factor YY1 in Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter activity.J Virol. 1998 Aug;72(8):6592-601. doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.8.6592-6601.1998. J Virol. 1998. PMID: 9658104 Free PMC article.
-
Alternating purine-pyrimidine tract activates transcription from the Rouse sarcoma virus LTR lacking promoter and enhancer elements.FEBS Lett. 1995 Jan 16;358(1):13-6. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01377-d. FEBS Lett. 1995. PMID: 7821420
-
Identification of sequences in the long terminal repeat of avian sarcoma virus required for efficient transcription.Virology. 1988 Jan;162(1):243-7. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90415-1. Virology. 1988. PMID: 2827383
-
Regulation of avian leukosis virus long terminal repeat-enhanced transcription by C/EBP-Rel interactions.J Virol. 1996 May;70(5):3051-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.70.5.3051-3059.1996. J Virol. 1996. PMID: 8627783 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
Replication-competent retrovirus vectors for the transfer and expression of gene cassettes in avian cells.J Virol. 1991 Jul;65(7):3728-37. doi: 10.1128/JVI.65.7.3728-3737.1991. J Virol. 1991. PMID: 2041092 Free PMC article.
-
Functional analysis of the long terminal repeats of intracisternal A-particle genes: sequences within the U3 region determine both the efficiency and direction of promoter activity.Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Mar;8(3):1093-102. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.3.1093-1102.1988. Mol Cell Biol. 1988. PMID: 2452971 Free PMC article.
-
Novel sequences of subgroup J avian leukosis viruses associated with hemangioma in Chinese layer hens.Virol J. 2011 Dec 21;8:552. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-552. Virol J. 2011. PMID: 22185463 Free PMC article.
-
A 10-base-pair element of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) is an absolute requirement for transactivation by the human cytomegalovirus 72-kilodalton IE1 protein but can be compensated for by other LTR regions in transactivation by the 80-kilodalton IE2 protein.J Virol. 1992 Mar;66(3):1543-50. doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.3.1543-1550.1992. J Virol. 1992. PMID: 1310765 Free PMC article.
-
Inhibition of proliferation of primary avian fibroblasts through expression of histone H5 depends on the degree of phosphorylation of the protein.J Cell Biol. 1991 May;113(3):497-506. doi: 10.1083/jcb.113.3.497. J Cell Biol. 1991. PMID: 1849905 Free PMC article.
References
MeSH terms
Substances
Associated data
- Actions
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources