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. 2018 Apr;26(2):583-590.
doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.06.007. Epub 2017 Jul 8.

Employing natural reagents from turmeric and lime for acetic acid determination in vinegar sample

Sam-Ang Supharoek  1 , Kraingkrai Ponhong  2 , Watsaka Siriangkhawut  2 , Kate Grudpan  3
Affiliations

Employing natural reagents from turmeric and lime for acetic acid determination in vinegar sample

Sam-Ang Supharoek et al. J Food Drug Anal. 2018 Apr.

Abstract

A simple, rapid and environmentally friendly sequential injection analysis system employing natural extract reagents was developed for the determination of acetic acid following an acid-base reaction in the presence of an indicator. Powdered lime and turmeric were utilized as the natural base and indicator, respectively. Mixing lime and turmeric produced an orange to reddish-brown color solution which absorbed the maximum wavelength at 455 nm, with absorbance decreasing with increasing acetic acid concentration. Influential parameters including lime and turmeric concentrations, reagent and sample aspirated volumes, mixing coil length and dispensing flow rate were investigated and optimized. A standard calibration graph was plotted for 0-5.0 mmol/L acetic acid with r2 = 0.9925. Relative standard deviations (RSD) at 2.0 and 4.0 mmol/L acetic acid were less than 3% (n = 7), with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) at 0.12 and 0.24 mmol/L, respectively. The method was successfully applied to assay acetic acid concentration in cooking vinegar samples. Results achieved were not significantly different from those obtained following a batchwise standard AOAC titration method.

Keywords: Acetic acid assay; Lime; Natural reagent; Sequential injection analysis; Turmeric.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest

Sam-ang Supharoek, Kraingkrai Ponhong, Watsaka Siriangkhawut and Kate Grudpan declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sequential injection system for determination of acetic acid using natural reagent; (a) Schematic diagram of the proposed method; SP, syringe pump; HC, holding coil; MC, mixing coil; LS, lime solution; TS, turmeric solution; AA, standard or sample acetic acid; (b) aspiration sequence of the solution volume in μL.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
XRD spectrum of lime powder.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(a) Absorption spectra of turmeric solution, turmeric solution mixed with lime in the presence of acetic acid at 0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mmol/L; (b) mixed solution of lime and turmeric without acetic acid.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Optimized conditions of sequential injection for green analysis of acetic acid; (a) effect of aspirate volume of lime; (b) effect of sample volume; (c) effect of mixing coil length; (d) effect of dispensing flow rate.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
SI graph of the proposed method and standard calibration graph for determination of acetic acid in vinegar.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
The molecular configuration of curcumin in acid/neutral solution and alkaline solution.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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Grants and funding

The author expresses his thanks to Mahasarakham University (Grant No. 5901006), the Mahasarakham University Development Fund, Faculty of Science, the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education and Thailand Research Found (TRF) for financial support.

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