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Review
. 2018 Jul 9;57(28):8370-8382.
doi: 10.1002/anie.201713416. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Amyloid Polymorphism in the Protein Folding and Aggregation Energy Landscape

Affiliations
Review

Amyloid Polymorphism in the Protein Folding and Aggregation Energy Landscape

Jozef Adamcik et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. .

Abstract

Protein folding involves a large number of steps and conformations in which the folding protein samples different thermodynamic states characterized by local minima. Kinetically trapped on- or off-pathway intermediates are metastable folding intermediates towards the lowest absolute energy minima, which have been postulated to be the natively folded state where intramolecular interactions dominate, and the amyloid state where intermolecular interactions dominate. However, this view largely neglects the rich polymorphism found within amyloid species. We review the protein folding energy landscape in view of recent findings identifying specific transition routes among different amyloid polymorphs. Observed transitions such as twisted ribbon→crystal or helical ribbon→nanotube, and forbidden transitions such helical ribbon↛crystal, are discussed and positioned within the protein folding and aggregation energy landscape. Finally, amyloid crystals are identified as the ground state of the protein folding and aggregation energy landscape.

Keywords: amyloids; energy landscapes; polymorphism; protein aggregation; protein folding.

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