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. 2018 Apr;26(4):703-712.
doi: 10.1002/oby.22128. Epub 2018 Feb 10.

Longitudinal Increases in Adiposity Contribute to Worsening Adipokine Profile over Time in Mexican Americans

Mary Helen Black  1 , Yu-Hsiang Shu  1 , Jun Wu  1 , Corinna Koebnick  1 , Adrienne MacKay  2 , Richard M Watanabe  2   3   4 , Thomas A Buchanan  3   4   5 , Anny H Xiang  1
Affiliations

Longitudinal Increases in Adiposity Contribute to Worsening Adipokine Profile over Time in Mexican Americans

Mary Helen Black et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018 Apr.

Abstract

Objective: Limited studies have assessed the relationship between longitudinal changes in adiposity and changes in multiple adipokines over time. This study examined changes in BMI, total body fat, and trunk fat associated with changes in 16 circulating adipokines in Mexican Americans at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Participants included 1,213 individuals with cross-sectional data and a subset of 368 individuals with follow-up measures (mean 4.6 ± 1.5 years from baseline). Joint multivariate associations between 3 adiposity measures and 16 adipokines were assessed by canonical correlation analysis.

Results: Longitudinal increases in adiposity were most strongly associated with increasing leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and decreasing adiponectin and secreted frizzled protein 5 (SFRP5) over time. Participants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at baseline had greater increases in leptin, CRP, IL-1Ra, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and greater decreases in adiponectin and SFRP5, associated with increasing adiposity over follow-up, than those with BMI < 30 kg/m2 . Associations between adiposity and adipokines were most accounted for by leptin; adjustment for leptin greatly reduced the magnitude of all associations between adiposity and remaining adipokines.

Conclusions: Increasing adiposity contributes to a worsening imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines over time, in which leptin may have an important role as a key mediator of metabolic disease risk in Mexican Americans.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: The authors have no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Helioplot of the top canonical correlations demonstrating the joint multivariate association between adipokines (left) and adiposity (right), for cross-sectional (a) and longitudinal (b) cohorts. The plot represents the canonical loadings, which are analogus to the linear correlation coefficients between adipokines (left) and the first canonical variate, and adiposity and the first canonical variate (right). The length of each bar represents the strength of these correlations ranging from 1 (outer circle) to −1 (inner circle). Filled bars represent positive and open bars represent negative correlations. Plot (a) indicates that cross-sectional BMI, percent body fat and trunk fat are all strongly positively correlated with the first canonical variate, and that CRP, IL-1Ra, IL-6, leptin and SFRP4 are strongly positively correlated while adiponectin and SFRP5 are strongly negatively correlated with the first canonical variate. Plot (b) indicates that longitudinal changes in BMI, percent body fat and trunk fat are all strongly positively correlated with the first canonical variate, and that CRP, IL-1Ra, and leptin are strongly positively correlated while adiponectin and SFRP5 are strongly negatively correlated with the first canonical variate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Rate of change in adipokines (y-axis) associated with rate of change in body fat percentage (x-axis), adjusted for age, sex, and kinship. Solid regression line indicates participants who were obese at baseline (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Dashed regression line indicate non-obese participants (BMI <30 kg/m2). P-value shown represents the interaction p-value testing for a difference in slope between obese and non-obese participants.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Helioplot of the top canonical correlations demonstrating the joint multivariate association between rates of change in adipokines (left) and rates of change in adiposity (right), stratified by baseline obesity status: obese (a) and non-obese (b). The plot represents the canonical loadings, which are analogus to the linear correlation coefficients between adipokines (left) and the first canonical variate, and adiposity and the first canonical variate (right). The length of each bar represents the strength of these correlations ranging from 1 (outer circle) to −1 (inner circle). Filled bars represent positive and open bars represent negative correlations. Plot (a) indicates that cross- sectional BMI, percent body fat and trunk fat are all strongly positively correlated with the first canonical variate, and that CRP, IL-1Ra, IL-6, and leptin are strongly positively correlated while adiponectin and SFRP5 are strongly negatively correlated with the first canonical variate. Plot (b) indicates that longitudinal changes in BMI, percent body fat and trunk fat are all strongly positively correlated with the first canonical variate, and that leptin is strongly positively correlated while adiponectin and SFRP5 are strongly negatively correlated with the first canonical variate.
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