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Review
. 2017 Nov 24:7:482.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00482. eCollection 2017.

Formation of the Legionella Replicative Compartment at the Crossroads of Retrograde Trafficking

Kevin Bärlocher  1 , Amanda Welin  1 , Hubert Hilbi  1
Affiliations
Review

Formation of the Legionella Replicative Compartment at the Crossroads of Retrograde Trafficking

Kevin Bärlocher et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. .

Abstract

Retrograde trafficking from the endosomal system through the Golgi apparatus back to the endoplasmic reticulum is an essential pathway in eukaryotic cells, serving to maintain organelle identity and to recycle empty cargo receptors delivered by the secretory pathway. Intracellular replication of several bacterial pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila, is restricted by the retrograde trafficking pathway. L. pneumophila employs the Icm/Dot type IV secretion system (T4SS) to form the replication-permissive Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV), which is decorated with multiple components of the retrograde trafficking machinery as well as retrograde cargo receptors. The L. pneumophila effector protein RidL is secreted by the T4SS and interferes with retrograde trafficking. Here, we review recent evidence that the LCV interacts with the retrograde trafficking pathway, discuss the possible sites of action and function of RidL in the retrograde route, and put forth the hypothesis that the LCV is an acceptor compartment of retrograde transport vesicles.

Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum; effector protein; host-pathogen interaction; pathogen vacuole; retrograde transport; retromer; sorting nexin; type IV secretion.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Positioning of the Legionella-containing vacuole in the retrograde route. Tubular/vacuolar early endosomes (EE; green) represent a sorting hub, where endosomal, recycling and retrograde trafficking pathways emerge to deliver cargo to late and recycling endosomes, the plasma membrane or the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The pathways employ distinct transport machineries (indicated with gray arrows and boxes), including small Rab GTPases, the PI 5-phosphatase OCRL, the retromer and sorting nexins (SNXs). Some of these retrograde trafficking components as well as retrograde cargos (MPR, sortilin) are also found on the LCV (indicated in red), suggesting that the pathogen vacuole is participating in these pathways. Possible retrograde transport routes involving the LCV are shown with red arrows. Inhibition of retrograde trafficking by RidL targeting the retromer might occur in cis, considering the LCV as (A) acceptor or (B) donor compartment for retrograde transport vesicles, or (C) in trans with the endosome as donor compartment. A possible role in LCV formation of late secretory (anterograde) trafficking emanating from the TGN is shown in blue. For details see text.
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