Self-organizing actin patterns shape cytoskeletal cortex organization

doi:10.1080/19420889.2017.1303591

. 2017 Apr 27;10(3):e1303591.

doi: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1303591. eCollection 2017.

Self-organizing actin patterns shape cytoskeletal cortex organization

Marco Fritzsche^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
² Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

PMID: 28702125
PMCID: PMC5501213
DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1303591

Self-organizing actin patterns shape cytoskeletal cortex organization

Marco Fritzsche. Commun Integr Biol. 2017.

. 2017 Apr 27;10(3):e1303591.

doi: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1303591. eCollection 2017.

Author

Marco Fritzsche^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
² Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

PMID: 28702125
PMCID: PMC5501213
DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1303591

Abstract

Living systems rely, for biological function, on the spatiotemporal organization of their structures. Cellular order naturally emerges by dissipation of energy. Consequently, energy-consuming processes operating far from thermodynamic equilibrium are a necessary condition to enable biological systems to respond to environmental cues that allow their transitions between different steady-states. Such self-organization was predicted for the actin cytoskeleton in theoretical considerations and has repeatedly been observed in cell-free systems. We now demonstrate in our recent work how self-organizing actin patterns such as vortices, stars, and asters may allow cells to adjust their membrane architecture without affecting their cell mechanical properties.

Keywords: actin; cortex; membrane; self-assembly; self-organization.

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Figures

**Figure 1.**
Actin kinetics, dynamics, and mechanics must be investigated to unravel the complexity and organization mechanisms of the cortical actin cytoskeleton and their effects on membrane architecture. To this end, actin kinetics refer to actin monomer association/dissociation into actin filaments, actin dynamics to the assembly of filaments into actin structures, and mechanics to the cytoskeleton that generates, senses, and transmits mechanical forces.

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References

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1. Hannezo E, Dong B, Recho P, Joanny JF, Hayashi S. Cortical instability drives periodic supracellular actin pattern formation in epithelial tubes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015; 12:8620-8625; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504762112 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Tan TH, et al.. Self-organization of stress patterns drives state transitions in actin cortices. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.07600.pdf - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Kushner DJ. Self-assembly of biological structures. Bacteriol Rev 1969; 33:302-345; PMID:4896352 - PMC - PubMed

[2] Kushner DJ. Self-assembly of biological structures. Bacteriol Rev 1969; 33:302-345; PMID:4896352 - PMC - PubMed

[3] Haviv L, Brill-Karniely Y, Mahaffy R, Backouche F, Ben-Shaul A, Pollard TD, Bernheim-Groswasser A. Reconstitution of the transition from lamellipodium to filopodium in a membrane-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:4906-11; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508269103 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Haviv L, Brill-Karniely Y, Mahaffy R, Backouche F, Ben-Shaul A, Pollard TD, Bernheim-Groswasser A. Reconstitution of the transition from lamellipodium to filopodium in a membrane-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:4906-11; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508269103 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Misteli T. The concept of self-organization in cellular architecture. J Cell Biol; 2001; 155:181-5; PMID:11604416; https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200108110 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Misteli T. The concept of self-organization in cellular architecture. J Cell Biol; 2001; 155:181-5; PMID:11604416; https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200108110 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Hannezo E, Dong B, Recho P, Joanny JF, Hayashi S. Cortical instability drives periodic supracellular actin pattern formation in epithelial tubes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015; 12:8620-8625; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504762112 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Hannezo E, Dong B, Recho P, Joanny JF, Hayashi S. Cortical instability drives periodic supracellular actin pattern formation in epithelial tubes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015; 12:8620-8625; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504762112 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Tan TH, et al.. Self-organization of stress patterns drives state transitions in actin cortices. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.07600.pdf - PMC - PubMed

[10] Tan TH, et al.. Self-organization of stress patterns drives state transitions in actin cortices. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.07600.pdf - PMC - PubMed

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Self-organizing actin patterns shape cytoskeletal cortex organization

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Self-organizing actin patterns shape cytoskeletal cortex organization

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