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. 2017 Jun 22;12(6):e0179356.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179356. eCollection 2017.

Contrasting academic and lay press print coverage of the 2013-2016 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak

Affiliations

Contrasting academic and lay press print coverage of the 2013-2016 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak

Mark D Kieh et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Under a traditional paradigm, only those with the expected background knowledge consume academic literature. The lay press, as well as government and non-government agencies, play a complementary role of extracting findings of high interest or importance and translating them for general viewing. The need for accurate reporting and public advising is paramount when attempting to tackle epidemic outbreaks through behavior change. Yet, public trust in media outlets is at a historic low. The Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) model for media reporting on public health emergencies was established in 2005 and has subsequently been used to analyze media reporting on outbreaks of influenza and measles as well as smoking habits and medication compliance. However, no media analysis had yet been performed on the 2013-2016 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak. This study compared the EVD information relayed by lay press sources with general review articles in the academic literature through a mixed-methods analysis. These findings suggest that comprehensive review articles could not serve as a source to clarify and contextualize the uncertainties around the EVD outbreak, perhaps due to adherence to technical accuracy at the expense of clarity within the context of outbreak conditions. This finding does not imply inferiority of the academic literature, nor does it draw direct causation between confusion in review articles and public misunderstanding. Given the erosion of the barriers siloing academia, combined with the demands of today's fast-paced media environment, contemporary researchers should realize that no study is outside the public forum and to therefore consider shifting the paradigm to take personal responsibility in the process of accurately translating their scientific words into public policy actions to best serve as a source of clarity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The author have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Systematic review inclusion process for academic articles focusing on general review.
(A) The primary search for articles written after the Western African outbreak. (B) A similar search for general topic review articles from 2010 up until the Western African outbreak onset.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Completeness and errors did not correlate to markers of journal quality.
Each academic press article is graphed for completeness versus impact factor (A), errors versus impact factor (B), completeness versus authors (C) and citations (D). (E) Completeness for full open access journals versus limited access is shown, red dots indicate articles that were free of errors. Errors versus authors (F), citations (G), and pages (H) are shown. (I) completeness versus page length is shown.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Both completeness and errors were larger in academic journals.
Completeness (A) and errors (B) for each of the categories of written press. Each dot represents one article. Significance determined by ANOVA, ****—p = <0.0001, ***—p = <0.001, **—p = <0.01, *—p = <0.05, f = p value significant if outlier statistically removed from academic errors group.

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Grants and funding

The author received no specific funding for this work.