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Meta-Analysis
. 2017 Oct;19(10):1032-1041.
doi: 10.1111/jch.13042. Epub 2017 Jun 13.

Association between duration of oral contraceptive use and risk of hypertension: A meta-analysis

Hui Liu  1 , Jie Yao  1 , Weijing Wang  1 , Dongfeng Zhang  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Association between duration of oral contraceptive use and risk of hypertension: A meta-analysis

Hui Liu et al. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2017 Oct.

Abstract

A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between duration of oral contraceptive use and risk of hypertension. Relevant studies published in English or Chinese were identified by a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure to January 2017. Seventeen articles containing 24 studies with 270,284 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled relative risk of hypertension for the highest vs lowest category of oral contraceptive duration was 1.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.25-1.73), and excluding three studies with a relative risk >3.0 yielded a pooled relative risk of 1.26 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.44). A linear dose-response relationship was found (Pnonlinearity =0.69) and the risk of hypertension increased by 13% (relative risk, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.25) for every 5-year increment in oral contraceptive use. The duration of oral contraceptive use was positively associated with the risk of hypertension in this meta-analysis.

Keywords: hypertension; meta-analysis; oral contraceptive use.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the selection of studies included in the meta‐analysis
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cumulative meta‐analysis of the risk of hypertension among oral contraceptive users compared with nonusers. The black points indicate the pooled effect values. The horizontal lines represent 95% confidence intervals (CIs)
Figure 3
Figure 3
The dose‐response analysis between oral contraceptive use and the risk of hypertension with restricted cubic splines in a multivariate random‐effects dose‐response model. The solid lines and long dash lines represent the estimated relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The short dash lines represent the linear relationship
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot of oral contraceptive use and risk of hypertension. White diamond denotes the pooled RR. The size of gray box is positively proportional to the weight assigned to each study. Black point indicates the RR in each study, and the horizontal lines represent the 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
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