ER Membrane Phospholipids and Surface Tension Control Cellular Lipid Droplet Formation
- PMID: 28579322
- DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.012
ER Membrane Phospholipids and Surface Tension Control Cellular Lipid Droplet Formation
Abstract
Cells convert excess energy into neutral lipids that are made in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bilayer. The lipids are then packaged into spherical or budded lipid droplets (LDs) covered by a phospholipid monolayer containing proteins. LDs play a key role in cellular energy metabolism and homeostasis. A key unanswered question in the life of LDs is how they bud off from the ER. Here, we tackle this question by studying the budding of artificial LDs from model membranes. We find that the bilayer phospholipid composition and surface tension are key parameters of LD budding. Phospholipids have differential LD budding aptitudes, and those inducing budding decrease the bilayer tension. We observe that decreasing tension favors the egress of neutral lipids from the bilayer and LD budding. In cells, budding conditions favor the formation of small LDs. Our discovery reveals the importance of altering ER physical chemistry for controlled cellular LD formation.
Keywords: ER membrane tension; ER phospholipid remodeling; LD budding reconstitution; LD size; lipid droplet formation; membrane budding; neutral lipid demixing and accumulation; phospholipase.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Comment in
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Tensing Up for Lipid Droplet Formation.Dev Cell. 2017 Jun 19;41(6):571-572. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.06.001. Dev Cell. 2017. PMID: 28633010 Review.
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