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. 2017 Sep 1;30(9):907-913.
doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpx074.

Awareness, Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Western Nepal

Dinesh Neupane  1 , Archana Shrestha  2 , Shiva Raj Mishra  3 , Joakim Bloch  4 , Bo Christensen  5 , Craig S McLachlan  6 , Arjun Karki  7 , Per Kallestrup  1
Affiliations

Awareness, Prevalence, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Western Nepal

Dinesh Neupane et al. Am J Hypertens. .

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a significant contributor to cardiovascular and renal diseases. In low-income settings like Nepal, there are few epidemiological studies assessing hypertension burden. Thus, the purpose was to determine prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in semi-urban area of western Nepal among randomly selected participants, aged between 25 and 65 years. Systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP of ≥90 mm Hg and/or taking current antihypertensive medicine defined as hypertension.

Results: Study included 2,815 participants, 1,844 were women. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 28%. Of the study participants, 17% were daily smokers, 12% harmful alcohol drinkers, 90% consuming low levels of fruit and/or vegetable, and 7% reported low physical activity. Among hypertensive participants, 46% were aware of their preexisting hypertension, 31% were on hypertensive medication, and 15% met BP control targets. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06; 1.08), higher body mass index (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06; 1.12), men (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.25; 2.14), harmful alcohol intake (Or: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.73; 3.51), family history of hypertension (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.14; 1.76), and diabetes (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.30; 3.33) were independently associated with hypertension.

Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension was found high in western Nepal. A number of risk factors were identified as possible drivers of this burden. Thus, there is an urgent need to address modifiable risk factors in semi-urban settings of western Nepal.

Keywords: Nepal; blood pressure; cross-sectional studies; epidemiology; hypertension; prevalence; risk factors.

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