Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2017 May 4:8:787.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00787. eCollection 2017.

Interfering Satellite RNAs of Bamboo mosaic virus

Kuan-Yu Lin  1 , Na-Sheng Lin  1
Affiliations
Review

Interfering Satellite RNAs of Bamboo mosaic virus

Kuan-Yu Lin et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Satellite RNAs (satRNAs) are sub-viral agents that may interact with their cognate helper virus (HV) and host plant synergistically and/or antagonistically. SatRNAs totally depend on the HV for replication, so satRNAs and HV usually evolve similar secondary or tertiary RNA structures that are recognized by a replication complex, although satRNAs and HV do not share an appreciable sequence homology. The satRNAs of Bamboo mosaic virus (satBaMV), the only satRNAs of the genus Potexvirus, have become one of the models of how satRNAs can modulate HV replication and virus-induced symptoms. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of interfering satBaMV and BaMV. Like other satRNAs, satBaMV mimics the secondary structures of 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of BaMV as a molecular pretender. However, a conserved apical hairpin stem loop (AHSL) in the 5'-UTR of satBaMV was found as the key determinant for downregulating BaMV replication. In particular, two unique nucleotides (C60 and C83) in the AHSL of satBaMVs determine the satBaMV interference ability by competing for the replication machinery. Thus, transgenic plants expressing interfering satBaMV could confer resistance to BaMV, and interfering satBaMV could be used as biological-control agent. Unlike two major anti-viral mechanisms, RNA silencing and salicylic acid-mediated immunity, our findings in plants by in vivo competition assay and RNA deep sequencing suggested replication competition is involved in this transgenic satBaMV-mediated BaMV interference. We propose how a single nucleotide of satBaMV can make a great change in BaMV pathogenicity and the underlying mechanism.

Keywords: BaMV; RNA silencing; competition; interfereing; satellite RNA.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Genome map of satellite Bamboo mosaic virus (satBaMV) and BaMV (A), sequence alignment of BaMV, BSF4, and BSL6 5′-UTR (B) and secondary structures of 5′-UTR of satBaMV, BSF4 (C) and BSL6 (D) and 5′-termini of BaMV (E) and their derived mutants. ∗indicates identical nucleotide. Different nucleotides between BSF4 and BSL6 sequence are marked by gray shade. The apical hairpin stem loop (AHSL) structures of satBaMV and BaMV are boxed, and all contain an apical stem loop (ASL) and two internal loops (IL-1 and IL-2). The common GAAA(A) repeats in the 5′-UTRs are indicated. The AUG sequence indicates the start codon of the BaMV open reading frame 1 (ORF1). Green and red indicate the non-interfering and interfering type. LSL, large stem loop; SSL, small stem loop.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Annamalai P., Hsu Y. H., Liu Y. P., Tsai C. H., Lin N. S. (2003). Structural and mutational analyses of cis-acting sequences in the 5’-untranslated region of satellite RNA of bamboo mosaic potexvirus. Virology 311 229–239. 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00178-8 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Basti M. M., Stuart J. W., Lam A. T., Guenther R., Agris P. F. (1996). Design, biological activity and NMR-solution structure of a DNA analogue of yeast tRNA(Phe) anticodon domain. Nat. Struct. Biol. 3 38–44. 10.1038/nsb0196-38 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Blevins T., Rajeswaran R., Shivaprasad P. V., Beknazariants D., Si-Ammour A., Park H. S., et al. (2006). Four plant Dicers mediate viral small RNA biogenesis and DNA virus induced silencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 34 6233–6246. 10.1093/nar/gkl886 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Briddon R. W., Ghabrial S., Lin N. S., Palukaitis P., Scholthof K. B. G., Vetten H. J. (2012). Satellite and Other Virus-Dependent Nucleic Acids. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
    1. Brule H., Grosjean H., Giege R., Florentz C. (1998). A pseudoknotted tRNA variant is a substrate for tRNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase from Xenopus laevis. Biochimie 80 977–985. 10.1016/S0300-9084(99)80003-0 - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources