The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies

doi:10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x

Review

. 2017 May 15:6:47.

doi: 10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x. eCollection 2017.

The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies

James A Ayukekbong^{1

2}, Michel Ntemgwa³, Andrew N Atabe⁴

Affiliations

¹ Section for Clinical Microbiology, Redeem Biomedical, P.O. Box 16, Buea, Cameroon.
² Metabiota Inc., Nanaimo, BC Canada.
³ Human Safety Division, Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada.
⁴ School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.

PMID: 28515903
PMCID: PMC5433038
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x

Review

The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies

James A Ayukekbong et al. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017.

. 2017 May 15:6:47.

doi: 10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x. eCollection 2017.

Authors

James A Ayukekbong^{1

2}, Michel Ntemgwa³, Andrew N Atabe⁴

Affiliations

¹ Section for Clinical Microbiology, Redeem Biomedical, P.O. Box 16, Buea, Cameroon.
² Metabiota Inc., Nanaimo, BC Canada.
³ Human Safety Division, Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada.
⁴ School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.

PMID: 28515903
PMCID: PMC5433038
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x

Abstract

The causes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries are complex and may be rooted in practices of health care professionals and patients' behavior towards the use of antimicrobials as well as supply chains of antimicrobials in the population. Some of these factors may include inappropriate prescription practices, inadequate patient education, limited diagnostic facilities, unauthorized sale of antimicrobials, lack of appropriate functioning drug regulatory mechanisms, and non-human use of antimicrobials such as in animal production. Considering that these factors in developing countries may vary from those in developed countries, intervention efforts in developing countries need to address the context and focus on the root causes specific to this part of the world. Here, we describe these health-seeking behaviors that lead to the threat of AMR and healthcare practices that drive the development of AMR in developing countries and we discuss alternatives for disease prevention as well as other treatment options worth exploring.

Keywords: Antimicrobial therapy; Developing countries; Microorganisms; Resistance.

PubMed Disclaimer

Cited by

Use what you have: leveraging microbiology support to develop a cumulative antibiotic susceptibility report for antimicrobial stewardship at a district hospital in Ghana.
Bosu B, Amponsah OKO, Tawiah P, Darko E, Abruquah NA, Osafo AB, Sarkodie E, Buabeng NB, Kapona O, Owusu-Ofori A, Buabeng KO, Ayisi-Boateng NK. Bosu B, et al. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2024 Aug 21;6(4):dlae129. doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlae129. eCollection 2024 Aug. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2024. PMID: 39170606 Free PMC article.
Exploring Prescription Practices: Insights from an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility, Rwanda.
Gashegu M, Gahamanyi N, Ndayambaje FX, Munyemana JB, Ndahindwa V, Lukwago F, Ingabire L, Gambanga F, Gashema P, Tuyishime A, Dzinamarira T, Dukundane D, Muvunyi TZ, Muvunyi CM. Gashegu M, et al. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Jun 12;13(6):548. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13060548. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024. PMID: 38927214 Free PMC article.
How Universal Health Coverage can curb the escalating antimicrobial resistance in Pakistan: a call to action for the country's healthcare system.
Imran L, Rehan ST, Lee KY. Imran L, et al. Trop Med Health. 2022 Nov 14;50(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s41182-022-00478-5. Trop Med Health. 2022. PMID: 36376962 Free PMC article.
Fluoroquinolone-Based Organic Salts (GUMBOS) with Antibacterial Potential.
Costa FMS, Granja A, Pérez RL, Warner IM, Reis S, Passos MLC, Saraiva MLMFS. Costa FMS, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 28;24(21):15714. doi: 10.3390/ijms242115714. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 37958698 Free PMC article.
A review of animal health and drug use practices in India, and their possible link to antimicrobial resistance.
Mutua F, Sharma G, Grace D, Bandyopadhyay S, Shome B, Lindahl J. Mutua F, et al. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020 Jul 8;9(1):103. doi: 10.1186/s13756-020-00760-3. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020. PMID: 32641109 Free PMC article. Review.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Byarugaba DK. A view on antimicrobial resistance in developing countries and responsible risk factors. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004;24:105–110. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.02.015. - DOI - PubMed
1. Laxminarayan R, Duse A, Wattal C, Zaidi AKM, Wertheim HFL, Sumpradit N, et al. Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:1057–1098. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70318-9. - DOI - PubMed
1. Okeke IN, Klugman KP, Bhutta ZA, Duse AG, Jenkins P, O’Brien TF, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part II: strategies for containment. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2005;5:568–580. - PubMed
1. Okeke IN, Laxminarayan R, Bhutta ZA, Duse AG, Jenkins P, O’Brien TF, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part I: recent trends and current status. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2005;5:481–493. - PubMed
1. Hart CA, Kariuki S. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. BMJ. 1998;317:647–650. doi: 10.1136/bmj.317.7159.647. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
- scite Smart Citations

[1] Byarugaba DK. A view on antimicrobial resistance in developing countries and responsible risk factors. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004;24:105–110. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.02.015. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Byarugaba DK. A view on antimicrobial resistance in developing countries and responsible risk factors. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004;24:105–110. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.02.015. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Laxminarayan R, Duse A, Wattal C, Zaidi AKM, Wertheim HFL, Sumpradit N, et al. Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:1057–1098. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70318-9. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Laxminarayan R, Duse A, Wattal C, Zaidi AKM, Wertheim HFL, Sumpradit N, et al. Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:1057–1098. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70318-9. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Okeke IN, Klugman KP, Bhutta ZA, Duse AG, Jenkins P, O’Brien TF, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part II: strategies for containment. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2005;5:568–580. - PubMed

[6] Okeke IN, Klugman KP, Bhutta ZA, Duse AG, Jenkins P, O’Brien TF, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part II: strategies for containment. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2005;5:568–580. - PubMed

[7] Okeke IN, Laxminarayan R, Bhutta ZA, Duse AG, Jenkins P, O’Brien TF, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part I: recent trends and current status. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2005;5:481–493. - PubMed

[8] Okeke IN, Laxminarayan R, Bhutta ZA, Duse AG, Jenkins P, O’Brien TF, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part I: recent trends and current status. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2005;5:481–493. - PubMed

[9] Hart CA, Kariuki S. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. BMJ. 1998;317:647–650. doi: 10.1136/bmj.317.7159.647. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Hart CA, Kariuki S. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. BMJ. 1998;317:647–650. doi: 10.1136/bmj.317.7159.647. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies

Affiliations

The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Abstract

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

Related information

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources