Substance use disorder a bio-directional subset of reward deficiency syndrome

doi:10.2741/4557

. 2017 Jun 1;22(9):1534-1548.

doi: 10.2741/4557.

Substance use disorder a bio-directional subset of reward deficiency syndrome

Kenneth Blum¹, Mark Gold², Zsolt Demetrovics³, Trevor Archer⁴, Panayotis K Thanos⁵, David Baron⁶, Rajendra D Badgaiyan⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,and Division of Nutrigenomics, LaVita RDS, Draper, UT, USA, drd2gene@gmail.com.
² Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
³ Eotvos Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary.
⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁵ Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
⁶ Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University at Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

PMID: 28410131
DOI: 10.2741/4557

Free article

Substance use disorder a bio-directional subset of reward deficiency syndrome

Kenneth Blum et al. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2017.

Free article

. 2017 Jun 1;22(9):1534-1548.

doi: 10.2741/4557.

Authors

Kenneth Blum¹, Mark Gold², Zsolt Demetrovics³, Trevor Archer⁴, Panayotis K Thanos⁵, David Baron⁶, Rajendra D Badgaiyan⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,and Division of Nutrigenomics, LaVita RDS, Draper, UT, USA, drd2gene@gmail.com.
² Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
³ Eotvos Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary.
⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁵ Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
⁶ Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University at Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

PMID: 28410131
DOI: 10.2741/4557

Abstract

This commentary is to inform clinicians challenged with an increase in people seeking treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), that the ninety percent revolving door, is, in part, due to post-withdrawal, untreated neurotoxicity. This impairment attenuates neurotransmitter signaling and compromises resting state functional connectivity, leading to unwanted sequelae including depression, sleep disturbances, sensation seeking, lack of satisfaction and impulsivity. Neuroimaging studies indicate that neurobiological recovery can take years. Like a "double edge sword" SUD has a biological bi -directional (bio-directional) effect on the brain reward circuitry. The acute intake of psychoactive drugs results in heightened dopaminergic activity, while, the opposite, hypodopaminergia occurs following chronic abuse. Individuals with SUD can have a genetic predisposition, compounded by stress and neurotoxically induced, epigenetic insults that impact recovery from protracted abstinence. Follow-up post -short-term recovery usually includes supportive therapies and programs like 12 -steps and other fellowships. However, relapse will usually occur if post -short-term recovery hypodopaminergia is not treated with attempts at epigenetic manipulation of compromised brain neurochemistry using some manner of pro-dopamine regulation.

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Substance use disorder a bio-directional subset of reward deficiency syndrome

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Substance use disorder a bio-directional subset of reward deficiency syndrome

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