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Comparative Study
. 1988 Feb;85(3):900-4.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.3.900.

Lipid composition and fluidity of the human immunodeficiency virus

R C Aloia  1 , F C Jensen, C C Curtain, P W Mobley, L M Gordon
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Lipid composition and fluidity of the human immunodeficiency virus

R C Aloia et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb.

Abstract

Lipid analyses of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) propagated in Hut 78 cells indicated a low total lipid/protein ratio, a high cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio, and major phospholipids consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine; comparable lipid profiles were noted for human erythrocytes and other RNA viruses. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies of HIV labeled with 5-nitroxide stearate (N-oxy-4',4'-dimethyloxazolidine derivative of ketostearate) showed a low "fluidity" at 37 degrees C, similar to other enveloped RNA viruses and erythrocytes and probably due to the high cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Ethanol (50%) completely disrupts the envelope, contributing to the rapid inactivation of HIV by ethanol. Contrarily, heating to 57 degrees C causes much less fluidization, and this heating may play a role in the slower viral inactivation at high temperatures. Should a critical minimum ordering in the HIV envelope be necessary for viral stability and infectivity, manipulating the lipid composition or fluidizing the HIV membrane, or both, may provide an untried therapeutic approach.

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