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Review
. 2017 Mar;130(2):227-238.
doi: 10.1007/s10265-016-0899-8. Epub 2017 Jan 2.

Plant actin depolymerizing factor: actin microfilament disassembly and more

Noriko Inada  1
Affiliations
Review

Plant actin depolymerizing factor: actin microfilament disassembly and more

Noriko Inada. J Plant Res. 2017 Mar.

Erratum in

Abstract

ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR (ADF) is a conserved protein among eukaryotes. The main function of ADF is the severing and depolymerizing filamentous actin (F-actin), thus regulating F-actin organization and dynamics and contributing to growth and development of the organisms. Mammalian genomes contain only a few ADF genes, whereas angiosperm plants have acquired an expanding number of ADFs, resulting in the differentiation of physiological functions. Recent studies have revealed functions of ADFs in plant growth and development, and various abiotic and biotic stress responses. In biotic stress responses, ADFs are involved in both susceptibility and resistance, depending on the pathogens. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted a new role of ADF in the nucleus, possibly in the regulation of gene expression. In this review, I will summarize the current status of plant ADF research and discuss future research directions.

Keywords: Actin; Actin depolymerizing factor; Defense signaling; Plant development; Plant–pathogen interactions; Stress response.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sequence alignment of ADF. Saccharomyces cereviseae COF1 (ScCOF1), Homo sapiens COF1 (HsCOF1), Physcomitrella patens ADF (PpADF), Arabidopsis thaliana ADF1 and ADF7 (AtADF1 and AtADF7, respectively), and Oryza sativa ADF1 (OsADF1). Boxes indicate phosphorylation sites, and a black box indicates a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). Although angiosperm ADFs lack conventional NLS, their nuclear localization has been confirmed. Shaded residues indicate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding sites (Zhao et al. 2010), and residues indicated as bold characters are actin-binding sites (Dong et al. 2013)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Gene structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana ADF family. Black boxes indicate exons. All 11 members of AtADFs comprise three exons, and the 1st exons contain either a single (only start codon) or a couple of amino acids. The 1st exon is followed by a long 1st intron in many AtADFs
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