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. 2016:2016:1678541.
doi: 10.1155/2016/1678541. Epub 2016 Nov 27.

Histological and Metabolic State of Dams Suckling Small Litter or MSG-Treated Pups

Claudia Regina Capriglioni Cancian  1 , Nayara Carvalho Leite  2 , Elisangela Gueiber Montes  1 , Stefani Valeria Fisher  1 , Leticia Waselcoski  1 , Emily Caroline Lopes Stal  1 , Renata Zanardini Christoforo  1 , Sabrina Grassiolli  3
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Histological and Metabolic State of Dams Suckling Small Litter or MSG-Treated Pups

Claudia Regina Capriglioni Cancian et al. ScientificWorldJournal. 2016.

Abstract

Lactation is an important function that is dependent on changes in the maternal homeostasis and sustained by histological maternal adjustments. We evaluated how offspring manipulations during the lactational phase can modulate maternal morphologic aspects in the mammary gland, adipose tissue, and pancreatic islets of lactating dams. Two different models of litter-manipulation-during-lactation were used: litter sizes, small litters (SL) or normal litters (NL) and subcutaneous injections in the puppies of monosodium glutamate (MSG), or saline (CON). SL Dams and MSG Dams presented an increase in WAT content and higher plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, and insulin, in relation to NL Dams and CON Dams, respectively. The MG of SL Dams and MSG Dams presented a high adipocyte content and reduced alveoli development and the milk of the SL Dams presented a higher calorie and triglyceride content, compared to that of the NL Dams. SL Dams presented a reduction in islet size and greater lipid droplet accumulation in BAT, in relation to NL Dams. SL Dams and MSG Dams present similar responses to offspring manipulation during lactation, resulting in changes in metabolic parameters. These alterations were associated with higher fat accumulation in BAT and changes in milk composition only in SL Dams.

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Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors declared a conflict of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Food intake, water intake, and body weight gain in lactating dams. Food intake (a, d), water intake (b, e), and body weight (c, f) of lactating dams from the 1st to 21st day of lactation. Data are the means ± SEM (n = 8–10 dams/group). Symbols above the bars represent statistical differences according to Student's t-test (p < 0.05). ∗NL Dams versus SL Dams; #CON Dams versus MSG Dams.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The effect of offspring manipulations on mammary gland histology in lactating dams at 21 days of lactation. Representative photomicrographs (magnification 200x; scale bar, 200 μm) of H&E-stained mammary gland tissue from lactating dams at 21 days of lactation: ((a)-(b)) NL and SL, respectively, and ((d)-(e)) CON and MSG, respectively. Quantitative analyses of adipocyte numbers in mammary glands are represented in (c) and (f). The data are mean ± SEM of 20 sections collected from at least 3 dams/group. Symbols above the bars represent statistical differences in Student's t-test (p < 0.05). ∗NL Dams versus SL Dams; #CON Dams versus MSG Dams.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Morphologic adaptations of WAT in dams at 21 days of lactation. Representative photomicrographs (magnification 200x; scale bar, 50 μm) of H&E-stained sections of retroperitoneal, (a) (NL), (b) (SL), (i) (CON), (j) (MSG) and ovarian adipose tissue, (e) (NL), (f) (SL), (m) (CON), and (n) (MSG). The quantification of mean adipocyte areas (mean ± SEM) is depicted in (d), (h), (l), and (p). Sections were evaluated from n = 3 dams/group and three image fields per section. Retroperitoneal fat content is represented in (c) (NL, SL) and (k) (CON, MSG) and ovarian fat content is represented in (g) (NL, SL) and (o) (CON, MSG). Symbols above the bars represent statistical differences in Student's t-test (p < 0.05). ∗NL Dams versus SL Dams; #CON Dams versus MSG Dams.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Impact of offspring manipulations on BAT morphology in lactating dams at 21 days of lactation. Representative photomicrographs (magnification 400x; scale bar, 20 μm) of H&E-stained sections of interscapular BAT from lactating dams (a, b, d, and e). Quantification of adipocyte proliferation evaluated by nuclei counts (c and f). Data are median ± SEM; sections were evaluated from n = 3 dams/group and three image fields per section. Symbols above the bars represent statistical differences according to Student's t-test (p < 0.05). ∗NL Dams versus SL Dams.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Adaptations in pancreatic islet histology in lactating dams at 21 days of lactation. Representative photomicrographs (magnification 200x; scale bar, 50 μm) of H&E-stained sections of pancreatic islets from lactating dams (a, b, d, and e). (c, f) Quantification of islet size (μm2); data are median ± SEM. Sections were evaluated from n = 3 dams/group and three image fields per section. Symbols above the bars represent statistical differences according to Student's t-test (p < 0.05). ∗NL Dams versus SL Dams; #CON Dams versus MSG Dams.
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