Novel applications of COX-2 inhibitors, metformin, and statins for the primary chemoprevention of breast cancer

doi:10.5152/jtgga.2016.15200

Review

. 2016 Dec 1;17(4):214-223.

doi: 10.5152/jtgga.2016.15200. eCollection 2016.

Novel applications of COX-2 inhibitors, metformin, and statins for the primary chemoprevention of breast cancer

Darren Micallef¹, Sarah Micallef¹, Pierre Schembri-Wismayer¹, Jean Calleja-Agius¹

Affiliations

PMID: 27990091
PMCID: PMC5147761
DOI: 10.5152/jtgga.2016.15200

Review

Novel applications of COX-2 inhibitors, metformin, and statins for the primary chemoprevention of breast cancer

Darren Micallef et al. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2016.

. 2016 Dec 1;17(4):214-223.

doi: 10.5152/jtgga.2016.15200. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Darren Micallef¹, Sarah Micallef¹, Pierre Schembri-Wismayer¹, Jean Calleja-Agius¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta.

PMID: 27990091
PMCID: PMC5147761
DOI: 10.5152/jtgga.2016.15200

Abstract

Recent evidence shows that commonly prescribed drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), metformin, and statins, may have beneficial roles in the primary chemoprevention of breast cancer. Therefore, these drugs could potentially be used in addition to the hormonal drugs currently used for this purpose (namely, selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors) due to their alternative mechanisms of action.

Keywords: Chemoprophylaxis; anti-inflammatory agents; breast neoplasms; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors; metformin; non-steroidal.

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Conflict of interest statement

No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Proposed mechanism of action of statins (59)

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References

1. Cazzaniga M, Bonanni B. Breast cancer chemoprevention: old and new approaches. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:985620. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/985620. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Micallef S, Micallef D, Schembri-Wismayer P, Brincat MP, Calleja-Agius J. Chemoprevention of breast cancer among women at elevated risk as defined by Gail Score. Minerva Ginecol. 2015;67:335–52. - PubMed
1. Russell R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal damage-problems and solutions. Postgrad Med J. 2001;77:82–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.77.904.82. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, Heine RJ, Holman RR, Sherwin R, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the study of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1963–72. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc06-9912. - DOI - PubMed
1. Emili A, Abushomar H, Nair K. Treating metabolic syndrome Lifestyle change or medication? Can Fam Physician. 2007;53:1203–5. - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Cazzaniga M, Bonanni B. Breast cancer chemoprevention: old and new approaches. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:985620. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/985620. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Cazzaniga M, Bonanni B. Breast cancer chemoprevention: old and new approaches. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:985620. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/985620. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Micallef S, Micallef D, Schembri-Wismayer P, Brincat MP, Calleja-Agius J. Chemoprevention of breast cancer among women at elevated risk as defined by Gail Score. Minerva Ginecol. 2015;67:335–52. - PubMed

[4] Micallef S, Micallef D, Schembri-Wismayer P, Brincat MP, Calleja-Agius J. Chemoprevention of breast cancer among women at elevated risk as defined by Gail Score. Minerva Ginecol. 2015;67:335–52. - PubMed

[5] Russell R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal damage-problems and solutions. Postgrad Med J. 2001;77:82–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.77.904.82. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Russell R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal damage-problems and solutions. Postgrad Med J. 2001;77:82–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.77.904.82. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, Heine RJ, Holman RR, Sherwin R, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the study of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1963–72. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc06-9912. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, Heine RJ, Holman RR, Sherwin R, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the study of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1963–72. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc06-9912. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Emili A, Abushomar H, Nair K. Treating metabolic syndrome Lifestyle change or medication? Can Fam Physician. 2007;53:1203–5. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Emili A, Abushomar H, Nair K. Treating metabolic syndrome Lifestyle change or medication? Can Fam Physician. 2007;53:1203–5. - PMC - PubMed

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Novel applications of COX-2 inhibitors, metformin, and statins for the primary chemoprevention of breast cancer

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Novel applications of COX-2 inhibitors, metformin, and statins for the primary chemoprevention of breast cancer

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Conflict of interest statement

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