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Review
. 2017 Apr;144(Pt A):23-32.
doi: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.10.003. Epub 2016 Oct 23.

Forces shaping the Drosophila wing

M C Diaz de la Loza  1 , B J Thompson  2
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Free article
Review

Forces shaping the Drosophila wing

M C Diaz de la Loza et al. Mech Dev. 2017 Apr.
Free article

Abstract

How genes encode the three-dimensional shape of tissues is a fascinating problem in biology. Pioneering genetic studies in the fruit fly Drosophila have identified key genes that control the generation of force patterns in the developing wing. Shortrange force patterns generated by planar polarised myosins can promote boundary formation and tissue elongation during the larval wing disc stage. Long-range force patterns are also crucial to shaping the wing during the pupal stage. We review the different ways in which both local and global force patterns can be generated, such as: patterned acto-myosin contractility, patterned anchorage to the extracellular matrix, and patterned tissue growth. In all cases, the balance between force, mass, and resistance explains how the resulting mechanical response produces particular tissue forms-a point underscored by the ability of computer simulations of tissue mechanics to reproduce such morphogenetic events.

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