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. 2016 Oct 1;17(10):1664.
doi: 10.3390/ijms17101664.

Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from the Thelephora ganbajun Mushroom by an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity of the Extract against Human Cancer Cells

Dong-Ping Xu  1 , Jie Zheng  2 , Yue Zhou  3 , Ya Li  4 , Sha Li  5 , Hua-Bin Li  6   7
Affiliations

Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from the Thelephora ganbajun Mushroom by an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity of the Extract against Human Cancer Cells

Dong-Ping Xu et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The Thelephora ganbajun mushroom has been found to be a potential rich source of natural antioxidants. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique together with GRAS (generally recognized as safe) solvents (ethanol and water) was used to maximize the extraction of antioxidants from Thelephora ganbajun. Five extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, solvent to solid ratio, extraction time, temperature and ultrasound power) were investigated by single-factor experiments, and then a central composite rotatable design was employed to study interaction of three key extraction parameters. The optimum conditions were as follows: 57.38% ethanol, 70.15 mL/g solvent to solid ratio, 10.58 min extraction time, 40 °C extraction temperature and 500 W ultrasound power. Under the optimum conditions, the antioxidant activity obtained was 346.98 ± 12.19 µmol Trolox/g DW, in accordance with the predicted value of 344.67 µmol Trolox/g DW. Comparison of UAE with conventional maceration and Soxhlet extraction, the UAE method showed stronger extract efficiency in a shorter extraction time. These results showed that UAE was an effective technique to extract antioxidants from Thelephora ganbajun. Furthermore, the extracts obtained under the optimized conditions exhibited antiproliferative activities toward human lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells, especially for liver and lung cancer cells. In addition, rutin, 2-hydrocinnamic acid and epicatechin were identified in the extract, which might contribute to antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.

Keywords: Thelephora ganbajun; antioxidant; antiproliferative activity; mushroom; response surface methodology; ultrasound-assisted extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The effects of different process conditions on the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values of Thelephora ganbajun extracts: (A) effect of ethanol concentration; (B) effect of solvent to solid ratio; (C) effect of extraction time; (D) effect of extraction temperature; and (E) effect of ultrasound power.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Response surface analysis for ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidants from Thelephora ganbajun with respect to ethanol concentration and solvent to solid ratio (A); ethanol concentration and extraction time (B); and solvent to solid ratio and extraction time (C).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Response surface analysis for ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidants from Thelephora ganbajun with respect to ethanol concentration and solvent to solid ratio (A); ethanol concentration and extraction time (B); and solvent to solid ratio and extraction time (C).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Antiproliferative capacities of Thelephora ganbajun extracts obtained by different extraction methods against four human cancer cell lines. UAE—Ultrasound-assisted extraction.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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