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Review
. 2017 Feb 15;195(4):425-437.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.201606-1226PP.

Translational Advances in the Field of Pulmonary Hypertension. From Cancer Biology to New Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapeutics. Targeting Cell Growth and Proliferation Signaling Hubs

Soni Savai Pullamsetti  1   2   3 , Rajkumar Savai  1   2   3 , Werner Seeger  1   2   3 , Elena A Goncharova  4
Affiliations
Review

Translational Advances in the Field of Pulmonary Hypertension. From Cancer Biology to New Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapeutics. Targeting Cell Growth and Proliferation Signaling Hubs

Soni Savai Pullamsetti et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Shared pathological mechanisms respective to cell growth between cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension. 53BP1 = p53-binding protein 1; AKT = v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog; ARC = apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain; Bax = Bcl-2–associated X protein; Bcl-2 = B-cell lymphoma 2; Bim = Bcl-2–interacting mediator of cell death; Chr. = chromosome; EGF = epidermal growth factor; EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; FCS = fetal calf serum; FGF-2 = fibroblast growth factor 2; FGFR = fibroblast growth factor receptor; FoxO = forkhead-box class O; γ-H2AX = histone H2A variant H2AX phosphorylated at Ser-139; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR = mechanistic target of rapamycin; p21WAF1 = cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; p27KIP1 = cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; p53 = tumor protein 53; PARP-1 = poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; PDGF = platelet-derived growth factor; PDGFR = platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PI3K = phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog; RB = retinoblastoma; Stat3 = signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TERT = telomerase reverse transcriptase; TGF-β1 = transforming growth factor-β1; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Overview of major proliferative/prosurvival signaling pathways and drug targets in pulmonary arterial hypertension and cancer. Signaling nodes are highlighted. 4EBP1 = 4R-binding protein 1; AC = adenylyl cyclase; AKT = v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog; BMPR = bone morphogenetic protein receptor; CREB = cyclic AMP–responsive element binding protein; eNOS = endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ERK = extracellular signal–regulated kinase; FoxO = forkhead-box class O; GPCR = G protein–coupled receptor; GSK3β = glycogen synthase-kinase 3β; HES = hairy/enhancer of split; HIF1 = hypoxia-inducible factor 1; ICD = intracellular domain; IKK = IκBα kinase complexes; ILK = integrin-linked kinase; JAK = Janus kinase; MEK = mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; mTOR = mechanistic target of rapamycin; mTORC1 = mTOR complex 1; mTORC2 = mTOR complex 2; MyoD = myogenic differentiation 1; NFAT = nuclear factor of activated T cells; NF-κB = nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PI3K = phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKA = protein kinase A; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog; RAF = rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; RAS = rat sarcoma; RTK = receptor tyrosine kinase; S6K1 = p70 S6 kinase 1; STAT3 = signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TF = transcription factor; TGF-βR = transforming growth factor-β receptor; TNFR = tumor necrosis factor receptor.
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