Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average Risk Populations: Evidence Summary

doi:10.1155/2016/2878149

Review

. 2016:2016:2878149.

doi: 10.1155/2016/2878149. Epub 2016 Aug 14.

Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average Risk Populations: Evidence Summary

Jill Tinmouth¹, Emily T Vella², Nancy N Baxter³, Catherine Dubé⁴, Michael Gould⁵, Amanda Hey⁶, Nofisat Ismaila⁷, Bronwen R McCurdy⁸, Lawrence Paszat⁹

Affiliations

¹ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
² Program in Evidence-Based Care, Cancer Care Ontario, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
³ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁴ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁵ William Osler Health Centre, Etobicoke, ON, Canada; Vaughan Endoscopy Clinic, Vaughan, ON, Canada.
⁶ Northeast Cancer Centre Health Sciences North/Horizon Santé-Nord, Sudbury Outpatient Centre, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
⁷ American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA, USA.
⁸ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁹ Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

PMID: 27597935
PMCID: PMC5002289
DOI: 10.1155/2016/2878149

Review

Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average Risk Populations: Evidence Summary

Jill Tinmouth et al. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016.

. 2016:2016:2878149.

doi: 10.1155/2016/2878149. Epub 2016 Aug 14.

Authors

Jill Tinmouth¹, Emily T Vella², Nancy N Baxter³, Catherine Dubé⁴, Michael Gould⁵, Amanda Hey⁶, Nofisat Ismaila⁷, Bronwen R McCurdy⁸, Lawrence Paszat⁹

Affiliations

¹ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
² Program in Evidence-Based Care, Cancer Care Ontario, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
³ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁴ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁵ William Osler Health Centre, Etobicoke, ON, Canada; Vaughan Endoscopy Clinic, Vaughan, ON, Canada.
⁶ Northeast Cancer Centre Health Sciences North/Horizon Santé-Nord, Sudbury Outpatient Centre, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
⁷ American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA, USA.
⁸ Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁹ Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

PMID: 27597935
PMCID: PMC5002289
DOI: 10.1155/2016/2878149

Abstract

Introduction. The objectives of this systematic review were to evaluate the evidence for different CRC screening tests and to determine the most appropriate ages of initiation and cessation for CRC screening and the most appropriate screening intervals for selected CRC screening tests in people at average risk for CRC. Methods. Electronic databases were searched for studies that addressed the research objectives. Meta-analyses were conducted with clinically homogenous trials. A working group reviewed the evidence to develop conclusions. Results. Thirty RCTs and 29 observational studies were included. Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) prevented CRC and led to the largest reduction in CRC mortality with a smaller but significant reduction in CRC mortality with the use of guaiac fecal occult blood tests (gFOBTs). There was insufficient or low quality evidence to support the use of other screening tests, including colonoscopy, as well as changing the ages of initiation and cessation for CRC screening with gFOBTs in Ontario. Either annual or biennial screening using gFOBT reduces CRC-related mortality. Conclusion. The evidentiary base supports the use of FS or FOBT (either annual or biennial) to screen patients at average risk for CRC. This work will guide the development of the provincial CRC screening program.

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References

1. Colorectal Cancer Association of Canada, 2016, http://www.colorectal-cancer.ca/en/just-the-facts/colorectal/
1. World Cancer Research Fund International website, 2016, http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/color....
1. Brenner H., Chang-Claude J., Seiler C. M., Hoffmeister M. Interval cancers after negative colonoscopy: population-based case-control study. Gut. 2012;61(11):1576–1582. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301531. - DOI - PubMed
1. Kronborg O., Fenger C., Olsen J., Jørgensen O. D., Søndergaard O. Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test. The Lancet. 1996;348(9040):1467–1471. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)03430-7. - DOI - PubMed
1. Morris E. J. A., Whitehouse L. E., Farrell T., et al. A retrospective observational study examining the characteristics and outcomes of tumours diagnosed within and without of the English NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. British Journal of Cancer. 2012;107(5):757–764. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.331. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Colorectal Cancer Association of Canada, 2016, http://www.colorectal-cancer.ca/en/just-the-facts/colorectal/

[2] Colorectal Cancer Association of Canada, 2016, http://www.colorectal-cancer.ca/en/just-the-facts/colorectal/

[3] World Cancer Research Fund International website, 2016, http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/color....

[4] World Cancer Research Fund International website, 2016, http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/color....

[5] Brenner H., Chang-Claude J., Seiler C. M., Hoffmeister M. Interval cancers after negative colonoscopy: population-based case-control study. Gut. 2012;61(11):1576–1582. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301531. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Brenner H., Chang-Claude J., Seiler C. M., Hoffmeister M. Interval cancers after negative colonoscopy: population-based case-control study. Gut. 2012;61(11):1576–1582. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301531. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Kronborg O., Fenger C., Olsen J., Jørgensen O. D., Søndergaard O. Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test. The Lancet. 1996;348(9040):1467–1471. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)03430-7. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Kronborg O., Fenger C., Olsen J., Jørgensen O. D., Søndergaard O. Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test. The Lancet. 1996;348(9040):1467–1471. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)03430-7. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Morris E. J. A., Whitehouse L. E., Farrell T., et al. A retrospective observational study examining the characteristics and outcomes of tumours diagnosed within and without of the English NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. British Journal of Cancer. 2012;107(5):757–764. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.331. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Morris E. J. A., Whitehouse L. E., Farrell T., et al. A retrospective observational study examining the characteristics and outcomes of tumours diagnosed within and without of the English NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. British Journal of Cancer. 2012;107(5):757–764. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.331. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average Risk Populations: Evidence Summary

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Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average Risk Populations: Evidence Summary

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